Biology section 6 key words Inheritance variation and evolution

Question 1

Allele

Answer 1

A version of a gene

Question 2

Amino Acid

Answer 2

Small molecules from which proteins are assembled

Question 3

Archaea

Answer 3

Primitive bacteria existing in extreme environments

Question 4

Binomial system

Answer 4

The universal system of naming organisms using their genus and species

Question 4

Asexual reproduction

Answer 4

A form of reproduction involving a single parent . creates genetically identical offspring.

Question 5

Charles Darwin

Answer 5

The scientists who developed the theory of evolution by natural selection

Question 6

Chromosomes

Answer 6

A long coiled molecule of DNA that carries genetic information in the form of genes

Question 7

Classification

Answer 7

The organisation off organisms into grouped based on their characteristics and structure

Question 7

dna

Answer 7

A double stranded polymer wound to form a double helix. carries the genetic code

Question 8

Cystic fibrosis

Answer 8

A cellular membrane disorder resulting from the presence of a recessive allele

Question 9

Dominant

Answer 9

Describes an allele that is always express. represented by a capital letter

Question 10

Embryo screening

Answer 10

A procedure used to determine the presence of faultily genes in an embryos produces through ivf. a few embryonic cells are removed and screened for defective alleles

Question 11

Evolution

Answer 11

The gradual change in inherited traits within a population over time. occurs due to natural selection

Question 12

Evolutionary tree

Answer 12

A diagram which illustrates the evolutionary relationships between organisms

Question 13

extinction

Answer 13

The death of all members of a species

Question 13

Family tree

Answer 13

A chart used to show the inheritance of a condition in a family

Question 14

fossil

Answer 14

The remains of dead organisms found in rocks which are millions of years old

Question 14

Fertilisation

Answer 14

The fusion of the nucleus of males and female gametes. restores the full chromosome number.

Question 15

gametes

Answer 15

Sex cells(sperm egg pollen) with half the usual number of chromosomes

Question 16

gene

Answer 16

A section of DNA that codes for a specific sequence of amino acids which undergo polymerisation to form protein

Question 17

Genetic engineering

Answer 17

The modification of the genome of an organism by the insertion of a desired gene from another organisms enabling the formation of organisms with beneficial characteristics

Question 18

genome

Answer 18

The complete genetic material of an organism

Question 19

genotype

Answer 19

An organisms genetic composition describes all alleles

Question 20

gm crops

Answer 20

crops that have had their genomes modified by the insertion of a desired gene from another organism

Question 21

Inbreeding

Answer 21

The formation of offspring from the breeding of closely related individuals

Question 21

Heterogynous

Answer 21

gene when someone has two different alleles e.g Ff

Question 22

Linnaean system

Answer 22

The classification of organisms into kingdom phylum class order family genus and species as developed by Carl Linnaean

Question 22

Homozygous

Answer 22

When someone has two identical alleles of a gene e.g. FF

Question 23

meiosis

Answer 23

A form of cell division that produces gametes non identical calls with half the usual number of chromosomes

Question 24

mitosis

Answer 24

A form of cell division that produces two genetically identical daughter cells ( with a full set of chromosomes ) from one parent cell

Question 25

mrsa

Answer 25

A type of bacteria that is resistant to the antibiotic, methicillin

Question 26

mutation

Answer 26

A random change in DNA which may result in genetic variation

Question 27

natural selection

Answer 27

The process by which the frequency of advantageous traits passed on in gene gradually increases in a population over time

Question 28

phenotype

Answer 28

An organism's observable characteristics due to interactions of the genotype and the environment

Question 29

polydactyly

Answer 29

A condition where an individual is born with extra fingers or toes due to the presence of a dominant allele

Question 30

Punnett square

Answer 30

A grind used to predict the potential outcomes of a genetic cross

Question 31

recessive

Answer 31

Describes an allele that is only expressed in the absence of a dominant allele represented by a small letter

Question 32

ribosomes

Answer 32

Sub-cellular structure where protein synthesis takes place

Question 33

sex chromosomes

Answer 33

A pair of chromosomes responsible for the determination of gender xy in male and xx in females

Question 34

selective breeding

Answer 34

The process by which humans artificially select organisms with desirable characteristics and bred them to produce off spring with desirable phenotypes

Question 35

Sexual reproduction

Answer 35

A form of reproduction involving the fusion of male and female gametes creating genetic variation

Question 36

Species

Answer 36

A group of similar organisms that are able to bread with one another to produce fertile offspring

Question 37

Three domain system

Answer 37

A method of classification in which organisms are categorised into three groups: archaea bacteria an eukaryote which was developed by carl woese

Question 38

Variation

Answer 38

The differences between individuals due to genes, the environment or a combination of both

Question 39

Vector

Answer 39

A carrier used to transfer a gene from one organism to another