Biology SOL review 1&2 Flashcards
(139 cards)
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Biology SOL Review Packet
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Biology
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Part 1. Scientific Investigation
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A. Steps to the Scientific Method: Word Bank: conclusions, x-axis, y-axis, experiment, encyclopedias, data, graphs, scientific journals, state & local agencies, hypothesis, observations, inference
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- Make observations/Do research: to determine what problem you want to address
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An inference is a conclusion you draw after you make observations and can be tested with a hypothesis
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- Develop a hypothesis: based on research from a variety of sources
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Research can come from:
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a. scientific journals: are the best place to locate current findings on the newest technologies
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b. encylopedias: are a good place to find information on extinct species or historical theories
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c. state & local agencies: can help with local policies or local research (example: can help research the effects of pesticides on the squirrel population)
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- Conduct a Controlled experiment- testing the hypothesis and collecting data and observations
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- Interpret and Analyze data: using tables and graphs
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On a graph, the IV is on the x-axis and the DV is on the y-axis
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- Draw conclusions- including improvements for future experiments
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B. Designing an Experiment: Word Bank: experiment, variables, hypothesis, constants, control, independent variable, dependent variable
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- hypothesis- is an educated guess/prediction; usually in “IF…THEN” form.
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- variables- are the factors that are measured in an experiment.
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- independent variable- is the variable that you purposely change…variable “I” change.
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- dependent variable- is the variable that changes as a result of changing the IV.
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- control- is the baseline measurement that you compare your data to.
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- constants- the thing(s) that are purposely kept the same in the experiment.
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7. experiment- is a structured way to test a hypothesis.
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C. Scientific Method Scenario
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Smithers thinks that a special juice will increase the productivity of workers at the nuclear power plant. He creates two groups of 50 workers each and assigns each group the same task (in this case, they're supposed to staple a set of papers). Each group consists of workers that are the same age and have shown to typically work at the same speed. Group A is given the special juice to drink while they work. Group B is not given the special juice. Each group is give an hour and after the hour, Smithers counts how many stacks of papers each group has made. Group A made 1,587 stacks and Group B made 2,113 stacks.
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1. What is Smither’s hypothesis? If you increase the amount of juice given to the workers than they will perform better
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2. What is the independent variable? The special juice
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3. What is the dependent variable? Number of staples stacks of papers
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4. Name 3 constants. Same age, work at the same speed, same amount go time to staple, same type of work
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5. What is the control in this experiment? Workers not given the special juice (group B)
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6. How many repeated trials are there? 50 workers/group
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7. What conclusion can Smither’s make about the special juice? The special juice does NOT work
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D. Observation, Inference or Prediction: For the following situations, indicate if it is describing an observation, inference or prediction.
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1. observation:
Gathering information by using your sense of smell, sight, touch, sound & taste
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2. inference:
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knowledge
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3. predication:
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4. observation:
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5. inference:
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6. predication:
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winter months
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7. inference:
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8. observation:
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9. predication:
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10. predication:
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scout does not lay down a chemical signal
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11. observation:
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12. inference:
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source
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E: Hypothesis, Law or Theory: For the following situations, indicate if the statement is a hypothesis, law or theory.
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1. theory: A hypothesis that has been supported with repeated testing and explains ‘why’ the events occurred- can be changed when new evidence is discovered
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2. hypothesis: An educated guess based on observations- can be disproven or supported
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3. law: A statement that is always true and is typically represented with a mathematical equation- does not explain ‘why’ the observations occurred
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4. hypothesis Each morning when you wake up, your trashcan is overturned. You believe that the raccoons are responsible for the mess.
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5. law: E=mc2
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6. theory: Natural selection explains how organisms change over time due to survival of the fittest
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7. hypothesis You see no difference in the cleaning ability of various laundry detergents and you believe that cleaning effectiveness is not affected by the type of detergent you use.
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8. theory: The earth contains a magnetic field because it has a fluid core.
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9. law: An equation to quantify the velocity of galactic movement
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Part 2. Scientific Tools and Characteristics of Living Things
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A. Scientific Tools – In the table below, identify the name of the tools, what is measures and the unit of measurement in the metric system. Word Bank: beaker, graduated cylinder, balance, ruler, flask, petri dish, volume, mass, length, gram, liter, meter, light microscope, coverslip & slide
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Name of equipment
Letter of equipment
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Balance or scale
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Graduated cylinder
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Thermometer
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Ruler
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Beaker and flask
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Microscope
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Petri dish
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Microscope slide
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B: Quantitative or Qualitative Data: For the following situations, indicate if the data is quantitative or qualitative.
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1. Qualitative Data that deals with descriptions and the data can be observed but not measured
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2. Quantitative: Data that deals with numbers and the data can be measured on a standard scale, such as length or mass
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3. Qualitative A picture contains colors of blue and green and is hung in a gold frame
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4. Quantitative A coffee latte is served in a 12 oz. cup and costs $4.95
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5. Quantitative The incoming freshmen class has 672 students and 52% of them are on the honor roll
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6. Qualitative The Godiva chocolates have a milky brown color and have a string taste.
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7. Qualitative The actress wore a sequenced off the shoulder gown for the red carpet.
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8. Quantitative The box was 10” x 14”, weighed 3.2 kg and held up to 200 mL of fluid
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C. Microscope – Fill in the names of the parts of the microscope. Word bank:, eye piece, diaphragm, fine focus, course focus, stage, high objective, low objective, scanning objective, base, stage clips, lamp, arm, revolving nosepiece, ocular lens (magnifying lens inside the eyepiece)
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Identify the functions of the parts of microscope above by filling in the blanks with the correct part of the microscope.
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1. course focus- used to make focus adjustments under low & scanning power
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2. diaphragm-adjusts the amount of light
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3. nose piece- changes the magnification
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4. stage clips- holds down the slide
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5. eye piece-what you look through
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6. fine focus- used to make focus adjustments under high power
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Total Magnification (Ocular Lens x Objective Lens = Total magnification)
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1. What is the total magnification for low power? 100x
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2. What is the total magnification for scanning power? 40x
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3. What is the total magnification for high power?
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400x
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D. Characteristics of Life: Word Bank: cells, metabolism, homeostasis, reproduce, heredity, evolution
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1. cell- smallest unit of all life
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2. metabolism- get and use energy in order to carry out life functions
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3. reproduce-either asexually or sexually
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4. homeostasis-maintain a constant internal environment
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5. heredity-pass on traits to offspring
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6. evolution-populations of organisms change over time
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7. homeostasis-A cell expands when placed in a hypotonic solution
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8. reproduce-A bacteria cell goes through binary fission
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9. metabolism-A plant performs photosynthesis
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10. homeostasis-A jack rabbit has long ears to release body heat
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E. Levels of Organization: Word Bank: population, organ, Cell, tissue, atom, organ system, community, ecosystem, organism, biosphere, molecular
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1. atom:the basic unit of matter
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2. molecule: compounds made of atoms
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3. cell: the smallest unit of life
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4. tissue: a group of cells that carry out a similar function
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5. organ: a group of tissues that carry out a specialized function in the body
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6. organ system:a group of organs that work together to perform body functions
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7. organism: a single living thing
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8. population: a group of organisms of the same species that live in the same area and can interbreed
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9. community: a group of different species that live in the same habitat and interact with on another
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10. ecosystem: a community of organisms and their non-living environment
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11. biosphere:all of the world and it’s atmosphere that support life
