Biology Term 1 - Gaseous Exhange

Question 1

Gaseous Exchange

Answer 1

• Movement of CO2 and O2 between membrane (lungs) and environment
• between alveoli and blood and body cells

Question 2

Breathing

Answer 2

Movement of air/water over gaseous exchange surface (lungs)

Question 3

Respiration

Answer 3

Metabolic reaction where energy in glucose used to create ATP

Question 4

What is gaseous exchange?

Answer 4

• Movement of CO2 through a membrane and the environment
• Movement of oxygen between blood and body cells

Question 5

What does gaseous exchange do?

Answer 5

Supply body with oxygen at cellular level

Question 6

Define breathing

Answer 6

Movement of air over gaseous exchange surface

Question 7

Define respiration

Answer 7

Metabolic reaction where energy in glucose is turned into high energy ATP

Question 8

Requirements for gaseous exchange

Answer 8

1. Large surface area
2. Moist surface
3. Thin surface
4. Transport system
5. Adequate ventilation
6. Adequate protection

Question 9

Why is a large surface area required for gaseous exchange?

Answer 9

To allow sufficient surface area for CO2 and O2 to diffuse across

Question 10

Why is a moist surface required for gaseous exchange?

Answer 10

Because gases must first dissolve in water before diffusion can take place

Question 11

Why is a thin surface required for gaseous exchange?

Answer 11

For rapid diffusion

Question 12

Why is a transport system required for gaseous exchange?

Answer 12

So gases can be carried away from the exchange surface to maintain diffusion gradient

Question 13

Why is adequate ventilation required for gaseous exchange?

Answer 13

Has to be method of ventilating so surfaces to maintain concentration gradient

Question 14

Why is adequate protection required for gaseous exchange?

Answer 14

Because surfaces are thin and easily damaged

Question 15

What do air passages protect the lungs from?

Answer 15

Dehydration, cold, particles in the air

Question 16

What do nostril hairs stop?

Answer 16

Larger particles from entering

Question 17

Why are air passages lined with a mucous membrane?

Answer 17

To trap smaller particles, and Cilia sweep mucous to nose

Question 18

What do turbinate bones do?

Answer 18

They warm the air before it enters the lungs

Question 19

What does the epiglottos do?

Answer 19

Stops food from entering the trachea and go down the esophagus

Question 20

What is at the top of the trachea?

Answer 20

The larynx

Question 21

What is the larynx?

Answer 21

The vocal chords

Question 22

What is the function of the c shaped cartilage rings lining the trachea?

Answer 22

The c shaped allows the esophagus to swell/open large enough against the trachea to swallow food

Question 23

What does the trachea divide into?

Answer 23

The bronchi which divide into smaller bronchioles inside the lungs

Question 24

Why do bronchioles not have cartilage rings?

Answer 24

Because they are too small

Question 25

What do intercostal muscles do between the ribs?

Answer 25

Contract and relax when breathing to lift and push down the rib cage

Question 26

What is the diaphragm?

Answer 26

A large sheet of muscle that contracts during inhalation and springs outward when exhaling

Question 27

Name the process of air entering air passages:

Answer 27

Enters nasal cavity/oral cavity then passes through the pharynx and to the epiglottis that stops food go down the trachea, then passes through the larynx and to the trachea which divides into bronchi then bronchioles

Question 28

What is the protective layer around the lung membrane

Answer 28

Pleura

Question 29

What is the trachea also known as?

Answer 29

The wind pipe

Question 30

What type of appearance do the lungs have?

Answer 30

Spongy

Question 31

Where are lungs located?

Answer 31

Above thoracic cavity and above diaphragm muscle

Question 32

How does blood enter and exit the lungs?

Answer 32

- Enters from pulmonary arteries - Exits via pulmonary veins

Question 33

How many lobes does the right and left lung have?

Answer 33

- Right: 3 - Left: 2

Question 34

Why does the left lung have 2 lobes?

Answer 34

To make space for the heart

Question 35

Why is the pleura separated with a thin film fluid?

Answer 35

The film fluid acts as a lubricant to reduce friction when breathing in and out

Question 36

What is at the end of the bronchioles?

Answer 36

Air sacs (alveoli)

Question 37

What are the walls of the alveoli?

Answer 37

Very thin wall of cells

Question 38

What closes around alveolis

Answer 38

Many blood capillaries

Question 39

What type of blood enters from pulmonary Veins and pulmonary artery,

Answer 39

- oxygenated blood from pulmonary veins - deoxygenated blood from pulmonary arteries

Question 40

Explain breathing in terms of pressure increasing or decreasing

Answer 40

When air is drawn in or forced out of the lungs by decreasing or increasing pressure within the lungs air will always flow from a low pressure to a high pressure if the air passages are open.

Question 41

Explain the process of inhalation

Answer 41

In order for air to flow into lungs, the air pressure inside lungs must be relatively low For their to be a low enough pressure the body must first: 1. The diaphragm must contract and flatten 2. External intercostal muscles contract to lift ribcage up These two processes increase the volume of the thoracic cavity allowing for air to flow in Increased volume = decreased pressure

Question 42

Explain the process of exhalation

Answer 42

1. The diaphragm with relax back to its resting position 2. External intercostal muscles relax and the ribcage sinks back down due to the force of gravity These two process decrease the volume in the thoracic cavity = increased pressure which then forced air out of the lungs

Question 43

Explain the process of forced exhalation

Answer 43

1. Internal intercostal muscles contract and pull the ribcage downward (decreased volume of thoracic cavity = increased pressure) 2. Abdominal muscles contract forcing organs against the diaphragm (therefore it domes more than normal) Decreased volume = increased pressure resulting is air flowing out of the lungs