Biology Terminology Flashcards
(28 cards)
Define Mitosis
The division of somatic cells
Define Meiosis
The division of germ cells
Law of Segregation
The separation of the homologous pairs
Independent Assortment
The random arrangement of homologous chromosome
Define Crossing Over
The exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes.
Standard Deviation
Dispersal of data
Incomplete Dominance
When one allele is not completely dominant over the other allele, which results in a combined phenotype. This is also the blending theory.
Define Codominant
A condition in which both alleles are fully expressed, there is no mixing of the phenotype. For example, blood, people with AB blood type have A and B instead of blending both together.
Define Multiple Allele
Three or more alleles for a particular gene
Define Dihybrid Cross
The cross between two characteristics
Monohybrid Cross
The cross of only one characteristic
Phenotype
The physical appearance
Genotype
The genetic content
Sex-linked Genes
A trait that is expressed on the X chromosome.
Polygenic Inheritance
When multiple genes control the expression of one trait
Epistasis
The interaction between two or more genes to control a single phenotype.
Pleiotropy
When one gene influences multiple traits
Non-disjunction
When chromatids fail to separate during meiosis, depending whether it happened during meiosis 1 or 2, either all of the gametes or half of gametes will be defective.
Translocation
When crossing over is unequal one chromosome can lose some genes and another chromosome can gain them.
Karyotype
The appearance of the chromosomal makeup
Prototype
A model
Sexual Reproduction
Production of a new living organism by combining genetic information from two different cells.
Genetic Drift
Catastrophe in a population, either founders effect or bottleneck effect. Both have limited amounts of alleles.
Gene flow
Migration of species
