Biology Terms 🧬

Question 1

Selective Adaptation

Answer 1

This is something that happens to animals to help them survive better

Question 2

DNA

Answer 2

The molecule that carries genetic instructions for life.

Question 3

nucleotide

Answer 3

The building block of DNA; made of a sugar, phosphate, and base

Question 4

Chromosomes

Answer 4

A long DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material.

Question 5

Chromatin

Answer 5

Loose DNA and proteins in the nucleus before it forms chromosomes

Question 6

Double helix

Answer 6

The twisted ladder shape of the DNA molecule.

Question 7

protein

Answer 7

A molecule made from amino acids that does work in the body.

Question 8

nucleic acid

Answer 8

Large molecules (like DNA and RNA) that store genetic info.

Question 9

hydrogen bonds

Answer 9

A weak bond that holds DNA bases together.

Question 10

genome

Answer 10

All the DNA in one cell of an organism.

Question 11

complementary bases

Answer 11

Bases that pair together in DNA: A with T, and C with G.

Question 12

Autosome

Answer 12

Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome.

Question 13

sex chromosomes

Answer 13

Chromosomes (X and Y) that determine biological sex.

Question 14

nitrogenous base

Answer 14

The part of a nucleotide that varies: A, T, C, or G.

Question 15

Nucleus

Answer 15

The part of the cell that holds the DNA.

Question 16

Homologous Chromosomes

Answer 16

A pair of chromosomes, one from each parent, with similar genes.

Question 17

Karyotype

Answer 17

A picture of all the chromosomes in a cell.

Question 18

Banding Pattern

Answer 18

The stripes seen on chromosomes in a karyotype.

Question 19

Trait

Answer 19

A characteristic, like eye color or height

Question 20

Allele

Answer 20

Different versions of a gene

Question 21

Gametes

Answer 21

Reproductive cells: sperm and egg.

Question 22

Dominant Allele

Answer 22

An allele that shows its trait even with one copy.

Question 23

Recessive Allele

Answer 23

An allele that only shows when two copies are present.

Question 24

Heterozygous

Answer 24

Having two different alleles (e.g., Aa).

Question 25

Homozygous Dominant

Answer 25

Having two dominant alleles (e.g., AA).

Question 26

Homozygous Recessive

Answer 26

Having two recessive alleles (e.g., aa).

Question 27

Genotype

Answer 27

The genetic makeup (e.g., AA, Aa, or aa).

Question 28

Phenotype

Answer 28

The physical trait shown (e.g., brown eyes).

Question 29

Probability

Answer 29

The chance of something happening.

Question 30

Punnett Square

Answer 30

A chart used to predict genetic outcomes.

Question 31

Offspring

Answer 31

The children or young from parents.

Question 32

Incomplete Dominance

Answer 32

When neither allele is fully dominant, and traits blend.

Question 33

Co-Dominance

Answer 33

When both traits show up

Question 34

Mutations

Answer 34

Changes in DNA that may affect traits.

Question 35

Selective Advantage

Answer 35

A trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce.

Question 36

Adaptation

Answer 36

A trait that helps an organism fit its environment.

Question 37

Natural Selection

Answer 37

Survival of the fittest—better traits spread over time.

Question 38

Species

Answer 38

A group of similar organisms that can breed.

Question 39

Population

Answer 39

All members of a species in an area.

Question 40

Adaptive Radiation

Answer 40

When species evolve from a common ancestor to fill different roles.

Question 41

Extinction

Answer 41

When a species dies out.

Question 42

Mutagen

Answer 42

Something that causes mutations.

Question 43

Carcinogen

Answer 43

A substance that can cause cancer

Question 44

Artificial Selection

Answer 44

When humans choose which organisms breed.

Question 45

Monoculture

Answer 45

Growing one type of crop in a large area

Question 46

Four Nitrogenous Bases

Answer 46

Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine

Question 47

How many chromosomes in the human body?

Answer 47

46

Question 48

Chromosomes in egg and sperm cells?

Answer 48

23

Question 49

Order of cells

Answer 49

DNA, RNA, protein

Question 50

Type A blood

Answer 50

AA

Question 51

Type B blood

Answer 51

BB

Question 52

Type O blood

Answer 52

OO

Question 53

Type AB blood

Answer 53

AB

Question 54

when do mutations occur

Answer 54

the S phase

Question 55

what is a mutation

Answer 55

mutations are changes in dna that affect your genes