Biology Terms Unit 2

Question 1

What charge is a neutron and where is it located?

Answer 1

Neutral/0, Located in the nucleus

Question 2

What charge is a proton and where is it located?

Answer 2

Positive, Located in the nucleus

Question 3

What charge is an electron and where is it located?

Answer 3

Negative, Located outside the nucleus

Question 4

What are isotopes?

Answer 4

An isotope is an element that has a number of neutrons different from atoms of the same element

Question 5

What holds compounds together and how are they different than mixtures?

Answer 5

They are held together by chemical bonds; they are different than mixtures because they are not chemically combined

Question 6

What is cohesion?

Answer 6

An attraction between molecules of the same substance

Question 7

What is adhesion?

Answer 7

An attraction between molecules of a different substance

Question 8

What are ionic bonds?

Answer 8

A bond formed when one or more electrons transfer from one atom to another

Question 9

What are covalent bonds?

Answer 9

A bond formed when electrons are shared between atoms

Question 10

What are valence electrons?

Answer 10

Electrons available to form bonds

Question 11

What is a compound?

Answer 11

A compound is a substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions

Question 12

What does water dissolve?

Answer 12

Almost anything (Universal Solvent)

Question 13

What is an element?

Answer 13

A pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom

Question 14

What is a reactant?

Answer 14

An element or compound that enters a chemical reaction

Question 15

What is a product?

Answer 15

An element or compound produced by a chemical reaction

Question 16

What is a solvent?

Answer 16

The substance in which a solute dissolves

Question 17

What is a solute?

Answer 17

The substance that is dissolved

Question 18

What is a buffer?

Answer 18

Weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp changes in pH

Question 19

What is a base?

Answer 19

A compound that produces hydroxide in a solution

Question 20

What is an acid?

Answer 20

Any compound that forms hydrogen ions in a solution

Question 21

What is mass number?

Answer 21

Tells the number of neutrons and protons in an atom

Question 22

What is atomic number?

Answer 22

Tells the number of protons and electrons in an atom

Question 23

What is the pH scale?

Answer 23

A measurement system used to indicate the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution

Question 24

What is a mixture?

Answer 24

A material composed of two or more elements that are physically mixed together, not chemically.

Question 25

What are carbohydrates?

Answer 25

Compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; major source of energy for the human body

Question 26

What are Polymers made of?

Answer 26

Monomers

Question 27

What are the two types of nucleic acids?

Answer 27

DNA and RNA

Question 28

What are lipids?

Answer 28

Macromolecules made mainly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes

Question 29

What are proteins?

Answer 29

Macromolecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair and to make up enzymes

Question 30

What are monosaccharides?

Answer 30

Single sugar molecules

Question 31

What are Nucleotides made of?

Answer 31

A 5-carbon sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Question 32

What is a molecule?

Answer 32

The smallest unit of most compounds

Question 33

What makes something polar?

Answer 33

When there is an uneven distribution of electrons between two atoms

Question 34

Proteins are polymers of molecules called...

Answer 34

Amino acids

Question 35

Large macromolecules formed from monosaccharides are known as...

Answer 35

Polysaccharides

Question 36

What is a chemical reaction?

Answer 36

A process that changes, or transforms one set of chemicals into another

Question 37

What is activation energy?

Answer 37

The energy needed to get a reaction started

Question 38

What is a catalyst?

Answer 38

A substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction.

Question 39

What is an enzyme?

Answer 39

Proteins that act as biological catalysts.

Question 40

What is a substrate?

Answer 40

The reactant of enzyme-catalyzed reactions

Question 41

What are nucleic acids?

Answer 41

Macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus

Question 42

What do organic compounds contain?

Answer 42

Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Carbon, and Phosphorus

Question 43

What are the characteristics of bases?

Answer 43

Bitter, turn red litmus paper blue, don't react with metals.

Question 44

What are the characteristics of acids?

Answer 44

Sour, turn blue litmus paper red, react with metals

Question 45

What is an atomic number?

Answer 45

A number that tells the number of protons and electrons in an element.

Question 46

What is a mass number?

Answer 46

It tells the total of all the protons and neutrons in a nucleus