Biology Test: 2

Question 1

What makes up a nucleotide?

Answer 1

Base, sugar, phosphate

Question 2

How do bases pair in DNA?

Answer 2

A-T
C-G

Question 3

How do bases pair in RNA?

Answer 3

A-U
C-G

Question 4

During translation, how many bases are needed for each amino acid that is formed?

Answer 4

3

Question 5

How many codons for each Amino Acid?

Answer 5

3 codons make 3 A.A

Question 6

What is a mutation?

Answer 6

Change in an organism’s DNA, random

Question 7

show homozygous dominant, homozygous recessive,
heterozygous.

Answer 7

homozygous dominant -TT
homozygous recessive -tt
heterozygous -Tt

Question 8

What is a Punnett Square?

Answer 8

Graphic used to predict the results of a genetic cross

Question 9

A homozygous dominant (BB)
heterozygous(Bb) in a monohybrid cross.

Answer 9

Cross

Question 10

Science of heredity and of the
mechanisms by which traits are passed from parents to offspring

Answer 10

Genetics - Mendel

Question 11

an organism’s appearance or other detectable characteristic that results from the organism’s genotype and the environment

Answer 11

Phenotype

Question 12

The entire genetic makeup of an
organism; also the combination of genes for one or more specific traits

Answer 12

Genotype

Question 13

Define homozygous

Answer 13

Describes an individual that has
identical alleles for a trait on both
homologous chromosomes

Question 14

The X and Y are called
___________ chromosomes.

Answer 14

Sex

Question 15

A female is _________ and a male
is ________.

Answer 15

A female is XX and a
the male is XY.

Question 16

Which parents determine the sex of the child? Why?

Answer 16

Father
The male can contribute to both the X or Y chromosome to combine with the X
donated by the female.

Question 17

How does a person get Down syndrome?

Answer 17

There is an extra chromosome on the 21st pair for a total of 47 Chromosomes.

Question 18

If both parents are carriers of cystic fibrosis, what percent chance does their children have of inheriting the disorder?

Answer 18

25%
Cc x Cc

Question 19

What is a karyotype?

Answer 19

A graphic display that shows an
individual’s chromosomes are arranged in homologous pairs and in diminishing size.

Question 20

Define DNA fingerprint

Answer 20

A pattern of dark bands on photographic film that results when an individual’s DNA
fragments are separated.

Question 21

Where is the hereditary information that is passed from generation to generation located?

Answer 21

Chromosomes

Question 22

List the four phenotypes for blood
types and the possible genotypes for each one.

Answer 22

A, B, AB, & O
type A =AA or AO
type B =BB or BO
type AB =AB
type O =OO

Question 23

What islands did Darwin visit that
gave him most of his evidence for his ideas on evolution?

Answer 23

Galapagos Islands

Question 24

What did Darwin believe about the
finches’ ancestry that he studied on the various islands?

Answer 24

The finches had a common ancestor

Question 25

According to Darwin, what is the mechanism for evolution?

Answer 25

Natural selection

Question 26

When very different organisms share similar body structures, what does the similarity show about the organisms?

Answer 26

They had a common ancestor

Question 27

What is a vestigial structure and give an example?

Answer 27

A structure in an organism that is reduced in size and function that may have had a function in ancestors. Human tailbone, pelvic bone in whales, human appendix.

Question 28

The process of becoming adapted to an environment; an anatomical, physiological, or behavioral change that improves a population's ability to survive

Answer 28

Adaptation

Question 29

The process by which individuals that are better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully than less well adapted individuals do; a theory to explain the mechanism of evolution

Answer 29

Natural selection

Question 30

Anatomical structures that share a common ancestry (different function)

Answer 30

Homologous structures

Question 31

What is it called when there is a reduction in population size and change of gene frequency due to a catastrophic storm or disease?

Answer 31

The bottleneck effect

Question 32

Why do male peacocks have bright colored plumage?

Answer 32

To attract a mate

Question 33

The movement of alleles between populations

Answer 33

Gene flow

Question 34

A change in a gene pool due to chance

Answer 34

Genetic Drift

Question 35

The total collection of genes in a population at any one time

Answer 35

Gene pool

Question 36

Measure of how common a certain allele is in the population.

Answer 36

Allele frequency

Question 37

Why are mutations important?

Answer 37

They help increase genetic diversity/variability in a population for survival.

Question 38

List the biological hierarchy, from kingdom to species, in order.

Answer 38

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, species.

Question 39

What happens to animals as they go down the classification groups? Do they get more related or less related?

Answer 39

They become more similar, they look more alike, they share more dna, & they get MORE related. More specific and less inclusive

Question 40

What is binomial nomenclature?

Answer 40

A system for giving each organism a two-word scientific name that consists of the genus name followed by the species name. (2 names)

Question 41

Every living thing is given a 2 part scientific name. What does the first part represent? the second part?

Answer 41

1st part is genus 2nd part is species

Question 42

What language is used in naming organisms and why?

Answer 42

Latin is used because it is a dead language and the meaning won't change

Question 43

What are the rules for writing scientific names?

Answer 43

Genus - first letter is capitalized; Species -all lower case Use italics (typing) or underline (handwriting) It is ok to abbreviate the genus. ex: E. coli

Question 44

What is the scientific name for humans?

Answer 44

Homo sapiens H. sapiens

Question 45

What is taxonomy?

Answer 45

The science of describing, naming, and classifying organisms

Question 46

State the chemical equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 46

(sunlight) + 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 47

Which gas is given off from a plant during photosynthesis?

Answer 47

Oxygen

Question 48

In what organelle of a plant cell does photosynthesis take place?

Answer 48

Chloroplast

Question 49

Why do plants perform both photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

Answer 49

Plants have both chloroplasts and mitochondria

Question 50

Mechanism of Evolution when populations migrate

Answer 50

Gene Flow

Question 51

Aa is

Answer 51

Heterozygous

Question 52

A change in a gene due to damage or incorrect copying is called:

Answer 52

Mutation

Question 53

Genotype is:

Answer 53

Actual Genes of an organism

Question 54

Phenotype is:

Answer 54

Physical Appearance of an organism

Question 55

In general, what is responsible for making a human a boy or a girl?

Answer 55

If the male sperm is carrying an X or a Y chromosome.

Question 56

What increases genetic variation when animals move from one population to another

Answer 56

Gene Flow

Question 57

"Survival of the Fittest" describes which theory

Answer 57

Natural Selection

Question 58

The scientific study of heredity is called:

Answer 58

Genetics

Question 59

Photograph of chromosomes grouped in ordered pairs

Answer 59

Karyotype

Question 60

Which sequence of DNA bases would pair with this partial strand ATG TGA CAG

Answer 60

TAC ACT GTC

Question 61

I have 1 X chromosome and 1 Y chromosome. What am I?

Answer 61

Male

Question 62

In a molecule of double-stranded DNA, the amount of Adenine present is always equal to the amount of...

Answer 62

Thymine

Question 63

If a heterozygous parent and a homozygous recessive parent mate, what percentage of their offspring will be dominant?

Answer 63

50%

Question 64

The genotype "ff" is...

Answer 64

Homozygous Recessive

Question 65

n : haploid :: 2n :

Answer 65

Diploid

Question 66

The haploid number (sex cells) of human chromosomes is...

Answer 66

23

Question 67

Aa, DD, bB, yy are all examples of

Answer 67

Genotypes

Question 68

The diploid number of human chromosomes is

Answer 68

46

Question 69

Two brown eyed parents (Bb) have a baby. What is the chance the baby is blue eyed?

Answer 69

25%

Question 70

I have 2 X chromosomes. What am I?

Answer 70

Female

Question 71

Aa is:

Answer 71

Heterozygous (hybrid)

Question 72

Heterozygous is when...

Answer 72

The alleles are different

Question 73

Why do plants conduct photosynthesis?

Answer 73

To make Glucose

Question 74

Is DNA single or double stranded?

Answer 74

Double Helix

Question 75

Is RNA single or double stranded?

Answer 75

Single Stranded

Question 76

aa is always:

Answer 76

Recessive

Question 77

Which organelle is responsible making food (Glucose) using sunlight?

Answer 77

Chloroplast

Question 78

What increases genetic variation when animals move from one population to another?

Answer 78

Gene Flow

Question 79

Which blood type is the universal donor (all people can receive it)?

Answer 79

O

Question 80

What is the phenotype of a person with the genotype AO?

Answer 80

Type A

Question 81

Guanine bonds with ______________.

Answer 81

Cytosine

Question 82

Natural selection is the process by which...

Answer 82

Organisms with traits that help them survive in their environment live longer and reproduce more successfully

Question 83

What did Charles Darwin observe in finch populations of the Galapagos Islands off the coast of South America?

Answer 83

Different species on different islands

Question 84

Identify the genotype for females.

Answer 84

XX

Question 85

What it looks like, or the physical appearance.

Answer 85

Phenotype

Question 86

Show the gases that enter and exit plants during photosynthesis

Answer 86

Enter: Carbon dioxide Exit: Oxygen

Question 87

The genotype "TT" is ___

Answer 87

Homozygous

Question 88

The heredity information passed from generation to generation is primarily carried by...

Answer 88

Chromosomes

Question 89

Which of the following units are repeatedly joined together to form a strand of DNA?

Answer 89

Nucleotides

Question 90

The movement of alleles into or out of a population

Answer 90

Gene Flow

Question 91

If two parents are heterozygous for type A blood, what is the probability that their offspring would have type O blood?

Answer 91

25%

Question 92

Complex molecule that carries genetic information that defines an organism's traits. It is stored in the nucleus.

Answer 92

DNA

Question 93

To adjust to a changing environment

Answer 93

Adapt

Question 94

Sex chromosomes of a male:

Answer 94

XY

Question 95

If one parent is AA and the other parent is aa, all their children must be...

Answer 95

Aa

Question 96

Genetic drift is change in the allele frequency of a population due to...

Answer 96

Random Chance

Question 97

In plants, tall (T) is dominant to short (t). Perform the following cross: Tt x Tt. What is the probability of producing a short plant?

Answer 97

25%

Question 98

AA is:

Answer 98

Homozygous Dominant

Question 99

Formula for cellular respiration:

Answer 99

C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 --> 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O + ATP

Question 100

Does DNA or RNA have ribose sugar?

Answer 100

RNA