Biology Test: DNA Structure 3/4/15

Question 1

What do you call the three bases at the end of a tRNA molecule?

Answer 1

Anticodon

Question 2

What are three consecutive bases on the mRNA molecule are called?

Answer 2

Codon

Question 3

Where does translation occur?

Answer 3

Cytoplasm

Question 4

Where does transcription occur?

Answer 4

Nucleus

Question 5

According to Chargraff’s rule, guanine always bonds to what? & thymine to? Why?

Answer 5

G=C & T=A, because they are complementary bases.

Question 6

What did Watson and Crick build a model of in 1953?

Answer 6

DNA

Question 7

What do you call the shape of a DNA molecule?

Answer 7

Double Helix

Question 8

What are the four bases of a DNA molecule?

Answer 8

A, T G, & C

Question 9

What base is used instead of thymine in RNA?

Answer 9

Uracil

Question 10

What do you call any change in the sequence of bases in a DNA molecule?

Answer 10

Mutation

Question 11

What type of bond holds the bases together down the center of DNA?

Answer 11

Hydrogen

Question 12

What is the backbone of DNA made out of?

Answer 12

Ribose sugar missing an oxygen

Question 13

What is the process of making a copy of DNA called?

Answer 13

DNA replication

Question 14

What do you call the step of protein synthesis in which mRNA is made?

Answer 14

Translation

Question 15

What takes the necessary amino acids to the ribosome to be assembled?

Answer 15

tRNA

Question 16

What scientist discovered in 1928 that a factor in heat-killed disease causing bacteria can “transform” harmless bacteria that cause disease?

Answer 16

Frederick Griffith

Question 17

What scientist discovered in 1944 that Genes are composed of DNA by isolating the material that “transformed” the bacteria ?

Answer 17

Oswald Avery

Question 18

What scientists in 1952, mixed marked viruses with bacteria and showed that the DNA is what is transferred from the virus to the bacterium not the protein?

Answer 18

Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase

Question 19

What scientist is responsible for taking the x-ray crystallography diffraction pictures of DNA that revealed that DNA was likely a double helix and the base pairs filled in the middle?

Answer 19

Rosalind Franklin

Question 20

What scientist showed in 1950 that composition of DNA varies from one species to another, in particular in the relative amounts of A, G, T, and C bases?

Answer 20

Erwin Chargaff

Question 21

What three parts make up a nucleotide?

Answer 21

Sugar, Phosphate & one of the 4 nitrogenous bases A, T, G, or C

Question 22

24. What is the enzyme responsible for joining individual nucleotides to make a strand of DNA during replication?

Answer 22

DNA polymerase

Question 23

What do you call a substance that can cause a change in the DNA code of an organism?

Answer 23

Mutagen

Question 24

26. What do you call the type of chromosomal mutation when part of or the entire chromosome is deleted?

Answer 24

Deletion

Question 25

What do you call the type of chromosomal mutation when part of the chromosome is inverted?

Answer 25

Inversion

Question 26

What do you call the type of chromosomal mutation when part of the chromosome has been duplicated?

Answer 26

Duplication

Question 27

What do you call the type of chromosomal mutation when part of the chromosome has been relocated?

Answer 27

Translocation

Question 28

What do you call the condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes?

Answer 28

Polyploid