Biology tests Flashcards
(155 cards)
1
Q
two muscles that connect to the mandible and cranium and function to close the jaw are the ?
A
Temporalis and masseter
2
Q
the small muscles between the ribs that aid in breathing are known as the ?
A
intercostal muscles
3
Q
The following muscle is not involved in moving the arm ?
A
quadriceps femoris
4
Q
the largest and strongest muscle in the body is the ?
A
gluteus maximus
5
Q
the group of three muscles in the back of each thigh that work together to bend the leg at the knee are the ?
A
hamstrings
6
Q
the largest muscle of the calf is the ?
A
gastrocnemius
7
Q
scientists who study birds are called ??
A
ornithologists
8
Q
All of the following help equip birds for flight….
A
- an efficient circulatory system with a four-chambered heart, 2. powerful muscles to power the wings during flight, 3. a prominent ridge, or keel, on the breastbone for attachment of the flight muscles.
9
Q
An animal such as a bird that walks about on two feet is described as ?
A
bipedal
10
Q
the largest living land bird native to North America is the ?
A
California condor
11
Q
group of birds that includes bluebirds, thrushes, and robins
A
perching birds
12
Q
group of birds that include ostriches, emus, and kiwis
A
flightless birds
13
Q
group of birds that includes pheasants, grouse, and turkeys
A
game birds
14
Q
group of birds that includes eagles, hawks, owls, and falcons
A
birds of prey
15
Q
type of inheritance in which a single gene influences several seemingly unrelated traits
A
pleiotropy
16
Q
type of inheritance in which a single trait is controlled by many different pairs of genes
A
polygenic inheritance
17
Q
type of inheritance in which there are more than two different forms of a gene for a particular trait; example is the gene for human blood types
A
multiple allele inheritance
18
Q
In plants, the term pollination refers to ?
A
the transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma
19
Q
the part of a seed that develops into the stem and leaves of a plant is the ?
A
plumule
20
Q
The elongated, vase-shaped structure at the center of a flower that receives pollen and produces seeds is the ?
A
pistil
21
Q
all of the following are types of RNA ?
A
messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and transfer RNA (tRNA)
22
Q
the term of a close relationship between two different species over a period of time is ?
A
symbiosis
23
Q
large geographic regions identified by their climax vegetation and distinctive animal life are called ?
A
biomes
24
Q
the body cavity that contains the brain is the ?
A
cranial cavity
25
proteins are composed of long chains of simpler molecules called ?
amino acids
26
the part of the brain that functions primarily to coordinate voluntary muscle activity is the ?
cerebellum
27
the process by which cells in a developing embryo take on specialized forms to become blood cells, nerve cells, muscle cells, etc., is
differentiation
28
a cell such as a gamete that has half the usual number of chromosomes is said to have a ? set
haploid
29
the special type of cell division that results in cells with half the normal number of chromosomes (such as gametes) is ?
meiosis
30
the type of neurons that relay signals between other neurons and process information in the central nervous system is the ?
interneurons
31
the body's primary organ of digestion and absorption is the ?
small intestines
32
according to the text, the majority of the Calories in the diet should come from ?
carbohydrates
33
the actual combination of genes that a person inherits for a particular trait is known as the person's ?
genotype
34
the process by which living cells produce energy by combining foods with oxygen is ?
cellular respiration
35
an insect that begins life as a wormlike larva that forms a cocoon or chrysalis and emerges as a mature adult is said to undergo ? metamorphosis
complete
36
the liquid portion of the blood is called
plasm
37
the killing of a child before birth is commonly referred to as ?
abortion
38
Y-shaped protein molecules produced by white blood cells that help fight infections are called ?
antibodies
39
the two main groups of fish are the
bony fish and cartilaginous fish
40
an animal that regulates its temperature by external factors, so that its temperature fluctuates with its surroundings, is said to be ?
poikilothermic
41
law of genetics which states that many traits of an organism are inherited independently of each other
law of independent assortment
42
The difference between DNA and RNA is that ?
DNA consists of two strands, whereas RNA consists of only one;
DNA contains deoxyribose, whereas RNA contains ribose;
DNA contains the base thymine, whereas RNA contains uracil
43
earthworms, sea worms, and leeches are classified as ?
segmented worms (annelids)
44
any animal without a backbone or notochord is called an ?
invertebrate
45
gnawing mammals such as rats and squirrels are classified as ?
rodents
46
group of invertebrates characterized by spiny skin, radial symmetry, and a water-vascular system
echinoderms
47
tiny capsules of genetic information that cause disease by reprogramming the machinery of living cells are ?
viruses
48
Austrian monk known as the father of the science of genetics
Gregor Mendel
49
a group of similar body cells that work together to accomplish the task of an organ is referred to as a ?
tissue
50
xylem and phloem are examples of
vascular tissue
51
law of genetics which states that alleles for each trait separate randomly during the formation of gametes
law of segregation
52
the process by which an RNA copy is made of a DNA template is called ?
transcription
53
groups of mollusks include...
cephalopods, bivalves, gastropods
54
the heart of an amphibian has ? chambers
three
55
characteristics of birds include...
- -a four-chambered heart;
- -air sacs in the body cavity that function in respiration
- -an efficient digestive system and warm-blooded metabolism
56
group of invertebrates characterized by a muscular foot, a visceral hump,and a mantle
mollusks
57
scientists refer to any organism that causes disease an a ?
pathogen
58
British naturalist who wrote Origin of Species; proposed the hypothesis of evolution by natural selection
Charles Darwin
59
In a scientific name such as Pinus taeda, the first word refers to the organism's ?
genus
60
the stalk of a leaf is called the ?
petiole
61
law of genetics which states that dominant traits show up in the offspring even if a gene for a different trait is also present
law of dominance
62
the process by which DNA is copied is called
replication
63
the cells of the retina that distinguish color and provide the sharpest vision are the ?
cone cells
64
the embryos of viviparous mammals develop in a special muscular organ called the
uterus
65
wolves, tigers and seals are all classified as ?
carnivores
66
group of reptiles that includes alligators, caimans, and gavials ?
crocodilians
67
the 'master gland' of the body, which produces growth hormone and gonadotropins, is the
pituitary gland
68
French scientist who formulated the germ concept of disease
Louis Pasteur
69
the purpose of ? tissue is to transport food downward from the leaves to the rest of the plant
phloem
70
a plant that is a dicot is characterized by ?
seeds with two cotyledons, branching veins and a taproot system, flowers with petals in multiples of 4 or 5
71
DNA is described as having a ? structure
double helix
72
small organelles that serve as the 'protein factories' of the cell ?
ribosomes
73
the light-sensitive layer of the eye that detects the image and transmits it to the brain is the ?
retina
74
animals which 'chew the cud' are known as ?
ruminants
75
'typographical errors' in the genetic code are called ?
mutations
76
the working unit of the kidneys that do the job of filtering wastes from the blood are the ?
nephrons
77
Swedish naturalist who devised the scientific system of classification?
Carolus Linnaeus
78
the largest of the chest muscles, which serve to pull your arms forward (as when doing push-ups), are the ? muscles.
pectoralis major
79
a composite flower is a flower that ?
consists of both disk flowers and ray flowers
80
the four types of bases that can make up the 'rungs'of a DNA molecule are ?
adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine
81
sausage-shaped organelles that serve as the 'power plants' of the cell
mitochondria
82
the order of insects that includes grasshoppers, crickets, mantids, and roaches is ?
Orthoptera
83
the two groups of mammals that reproduce differently from ordinary placental mammals are the ?
egg-laying mammals and marsupials
84
what does DNA stand for?
deoxyribonucleic acid
85
the three layers of the skin are the ?
epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layers
86
Annually moving to a different region is called ?
migration
87
the hip joint and shoulder joint are examples of ?
ball-and-socket joints
88
the term angiosperm refers to ?
flowering plants that reproduce by means of seeds covered by fruits
89
the substance in a cell's nucleus that contains the cell's 'blueprints' and serves as the master control program of the cell is ?
DNA
90
fluid medium of the cell
cytoplasm
91
spiders, ticks, scorpions, and daddy longlegs are classified as ?
arachnids
92
the idea that animals or plants well suited to their environment are generally more likely to survive than organisms poorly suited to their environment is called ?
natural selection
93
the protozoan that moves and engulfs prey by means of pseudopods is the ?
amoeba
94
the thick sheet of muscle that forms the floor of the thoracic cavity and functions in breathing is the ?
diaphragm
95
the study of fossils is ?
paleontology
96
the two long bones that compose the forearm are the ?
ulna and radius
97
two different forms of the same gene are called ?
alleles
98
large, usually spherical body near the center of the cell that serves as the cell's master control center
nucleus
99
the three body regions of an insect are the ?
head, thorax and abdomen
100
a famous fossil found that is considered to represent a true human?
Neanderthal man
101
the organs on each side of a fish's head that allow the fish to extract oxygen from the water are the ?
gills
102
the iron-containing protein molecule found in red blood cells that enables the blood to transport oxygen is ?
hemoglobin
103
a tentative solution to a scientific problem is known as a ?
hypothesis
104
pines, redwoods and firs are examples of ?
conifers
105
the organ that allows a fish to adjust its buoyancy so that it can remain stationary at a given depth is the ?
swim bladder
106
unlearned knowledge that an animal possesses from birth is known as
instinct
107
small, bean-shaped organs of the lymphatic system that serve as 'bases' and staging areas for white blood cells are calls ?
lymph nodes
108
the tiny, tubelike projections that extend from epidermal cells of a root and serve to absorb water and minerals are the ?
root hairs
109
the large fin at the rear of a fish that serves as the fish's propeller and rudder is the ?
caudal fin
110
a type of root system in which small secondary roots branch from a large straight primary root is called a ?
taproot system
111
the type of fruit that includes peas, beans, and peanuts is the
legume
112
a relationship in which a hawk and an eagle compete for rodents
competition
113
? are made of solid bone and are shed every year
antlers
114
primates without tails are classified as ?
apes
115
the study of how living things interact with one another and with their physical environment is known as ?
ecology
116
animals with backbones are knowns as ?
vertebrates
117
the sudden outburst of living things of great variety in the fossil record, showing no evidence of evolution, is referred to as the ?
Cambrian explosion
118
even-toed ungulates such as cattle, sheep, and deer are classified as ?
artiodactyls
119
examples of primates with tails include the ?
monkeys
120
egg-laying by fish is referred to as
spawning
121
the W-shaped bands in which a fish's muscles are arranged are called ?
myomeres
122
all of the workers in a colony of bees, ants, or wasps are
females
123
the abdominal appendages of crayfish and other crustaceans are known as
swimmerets
124
the short, fingerlike organs of a spider's abdomen with which it speins silk are the ?
spinnerets
125
the excretory organs of a crayfish are the
green glands
126
the cell theory states that ?
all living things are composed of living units called cells, and cell products and all cells come from preexisting cells
127
the two types of endoplasmic reticulum
smooth ER and rough ER
128
the 'little organs' within a cell are called ?
organelles
129
the only cephalopod with an external shell
nautilus
130
the special phosphate molecule that serves as the energy carrier of the cell is ?
ATP
131
octopuses, squid, and nautiluses are examples of ?
cephalopods
132
clams, oysters, and scallops are classified as ?
bivalves
133
the phases of the cell cycle in their proper sequence are ?
interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
| I P M A T
134
the largest invertebrate
giant squid
135
what are the most prominent bones of the thoracic cavity?
ribs
136
the ? is the division of the skeleton that includes the bones of the skull and spine
axial skeleton
137
what is the fatty, white covering found in the white matter of the brain and spinal cord ?
myelin
138
what are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system
sympathetic and parasympathetic
139
the seed-producing cones of a conifer are called ? cones
ovulate
140
an oriental gymnosperm with two-lobed, fan-shaped leaves is the ?
ginkgo
141
into what two kingdoms have living things traditionally been grouped?
plant and animal
142
to what group of fungi do yeasts belong
sac fungi
143
what term refers to an organism that lives on or in another living organism and derives its nutrition from that organism?
parasite
144
the sperm and egg are referred to as ?, or reproductive cells.
gametes
145
what philosophy believes that a person's actions can be completely explained as responses to certain stimuli?
behaviorism
146
what helps the intestines function properly
dietary fiber
147
the building blocks of proteins
amino acids
148
how much of our Calorie intake should be carbohydrates ?
45-60%
149
the two scientists who jointly deduced the structure of the DNA molecule were ?
Watson and Crick
150
what is a gene?
a segment or segments of DNA containing the genetic code for a particular trait
151
another name for a fertilized egg?
zygote
152
how many chromosomes are in a human reproductive cell?
23
153
group of reptiles characterized by a shell and toothless jaws
turtles
154
group of snakes that includes water moccasins, rattlesnakes, and copperheads
viperids
155
The 'Father of Anatomy' who wrote a monumental book known as the Fabrica was ?
Andreas Vesalius
