Biology Topic Test

Question 1

What is absorption?

Answer 1

Absorption is the movement of substances through tiny holes into the bloodstream. Water and nutrients are absorbed through tiny pores in the lining of the intestines.

Question 2

What is the anus?

Answer 2

The anus is the opening at the end of the digestive tract. Solid waste is expelled by the body through the anus.

Question 3

What is bacteria?

Answer 3

Bacteria is the microscopic organisms that can be found living in the gut. Bacteria living in the large intestine play an important role in digestion and other body processes.

Question 4

What is bile?

Answer 4

Bile is a substance produced by the body to break fats into tiny droplets. Bile is produced by the liver and released into the small intestine, where it helps breaks down fats.

Question 5

What is a body system?

Answer 5

A group of organs that work together to perform a function. The function of the digestive system is to break down food and absorb the nutrients it contains.

Question 6

What is a cell membrane?

Answer 6

The plasma membrane, or the cell membrane, provides protection for a cell. It also provides a fixed environment inside the cell, and that membrane has several different functions. One is to transport nutrients into the cell and also to transport toxic substances out of the cell.

Question 7

What is the cell wall?

Answer 7

The cell wall surrounds the plasma membrane of plant cells and provides tensile strength and protection against mechanical and osmotic stress. It also allows cells to develop turgor pressure, which is the pressure of the cell contents against the cell wall.

Question 8

What are cells?

Answer 8

Cells are the basic building block of life. All living creatures have cells that are so small, they can only be seen with a microscope.

Question 9

What is the central vacuole?

Answer 9

The central vacuole is filled with water. Bounded by a single membrane, this organelle functions as a combination of reservoir, waste dump, storage region and even as a means of keeping the cell in shape.

Question 10

What is the centrosome?

Answer 10

A centrosome is a cellular structure involved in the process of cell division. Before cell division, the centrosome duplicates and then, as division begins, the two centrosomes move to opposite ends of the cell.

Question 11

What is chemical digestion?

Answer 11

The breakdown of food by saliva, stomach acid and other digestive juices. Chemical digestion forms new substances, including simple nutrients that can be absorbed by the body.

Question 12

What is chloroplast?

Answer 12

In particular, organelles called chloroplasts allow plants to capture the energy of the Sun in energy-rich molecules; cell walls allow plants to have rigid structures as varied as wood trunks and supple leaves; and vacuoles allow plant cells to change size.

Question 13

What is chromatin?

Answer 13

Chromatin is the material that makes up a chromosome that consists of DNA and protein. The major proteins in chromatin are proteins called histones. They act as packaging elements for the DNA. The reason that chromatin is important is that it’s a pretty good packing trick to get all the DNA inside a cell.

Question 14

What is cytoplasm?

Answer 14

The cytoplasm is the gel-like fluid inside the cell. It is the medium for chemical reaction. It provides a platform upon which other organelles can operate within the cell. All of the functions for cell expansion, growth and replication are carried out in the cytoplasm of a cell.

Question 15

What is the cytoskeleton?

Answer 15

The cytoskeleton is a structure that helps cells maintain their shape and internal organisation, and it also provides mechanical support that enables cells to carry out essential functions like division and movement.

Question 16

What is digestion?

Answer 16

The breakdown of food into simple nutrients the body can absorb. The digestive system breaks food down into proteins, fats and carbohydrates that are needed by the body.

Question 17

What is a digestive tract?

Answer 17

The connected organs that food passes through as it is broken down. The digestive tract starts at the mouth and ends at the anus.

Question 18

What are enzymes?

Answer 18

A substance made by the body to speed up chemical digestion. Enzymes in saliva break down starch while enzymes in the small intestine break down sugars and fats.

Question 19

What is excretion?

Answer 19

Excretion is when all living creatures can get rid of waste materials.

Question 20

What is faeces?

Answer 20

Solid waste that remains after food is digested. Faeces are formed in the large intestine from undigested food and waste products. They exit the body through the anus.

Question 21

What is the gall bladder?

Answer 21

A small pouch that stores bile. Bile is stored in the gall bladder before being released into the small intestine.

Question 22

What are gastric juices?

Answer 22

A liquid released into the stomach to help with chemical digestion. Gastric juices contain stomach acid and enzymes that chemically break down food into simpler nutrients.

Question 23

What is the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 23

A Golgi body, also known as a Golgi apparatus, is a cell organelle that helps process and package proteins and lipid molecules, especially proteins destined to be exported from the cell.

Question 24

What is the Golgi vesicle?

Answer 24

Golgi vesicles are often, referred to as the “traffic police” of the cell. They play a key role in sorting many of the cell’s proteins and membrane constituents, and in directing them to their proper destinations.

Question 25

What is meant by growth?

Answer 25

Growth is when all living creatures can get bigger by taking on new material.

Question 26

What are intermediate filaments?

Answer 26

In contrast to actin filaments and microtubules, the intermediate filaments are not directly involved in cell movements. Instead, they appear to play basically a structural role by providing mechanical strength to cells and tissues.

Question 27

What is the large intestine?

Answer 27

A wide tube where water is absorbed and most good bacteria live. Good bacteria living in the large intestine help it break down fats and complex carbohydrates.

Question 28

What is the liver?

Answer 28

A large organ that produces bile to help digest fats. The liver has many important functions in the body. It helps with digestion by producing bile.

Question 29

What are lysosome?

Answer 29

A lysosome is a membrane-bound cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes. Lysosomes are involved with various cell processes. They break down excess or worn-out cell parts. They may be used to destroy invading viruses and bacteria.

Question 30

Microfilaments

Answer 30

Microfilament functions include cytokinesis, amoeboid movement, cell motility, changes in cell shape, endocytosis and exocytosis, cell contractility, and mechanical stability.

Question 31

Microscope Parts

Answer 31

- Occular lens - Objective lens - Stage - Diaphragm - Arm - Light source - Fine focus knob - Course focus knob

Question 32

Nucleolus

Answer 32

The nucleolus is a dynamic membrane-less structure whose primary function is ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis and ribosome biogenesis.

Question 33

What are microscopes?

Answer 33

Microscopes are used to view microscopic organisms. The English scientist Robert Hooke used a simple microscope to investigate cork. The cork was made of small boxes that he named cellulae. Today, we now use the term cells. The Dutchman Anton Van Leeuwenhoek looked at pond water and saw small organisms moving. He was the first scientist to describe living organisms. The most complex microscope is known as the electron microscope which can magnify an object up to 50 million times.

Question 34

Microtubules

Answer 34

Microtubules, together with microfilaments and intermediate filaments, form the cell cytoskeleton. The microtubule network is recognised for its role in regulating cell growth and movement as well as key signalling events, which modulate fundamental cellular processes

Question 35

Mitochondria

Answer 35

Mitochondria are well known as the powerhouse of the cell, and as discussed in the section on Generation of ATP (Adenosine triphosphate): Bioenergetics and Metabolism, in an active tissue such as heart, they are responsible for generating most of the ATP in the cell.

Question 36

What is the mouth?

Answer 36

The entry point for food passing into the body. Biting and chewing help with physical digestion. Saliva helps with chemical digestion.

Question 37

Movement

Answer 37

All living creatures can change direction when moving without being prompted.

Question 38

MRS GRENC

Answer 38

MRS GRENC is an acronym often used to help remember all the necessary features of living organisms: Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity, Growth, Reproduction, Excretion and Nutrition. All living things must live up to these standards or else they won't be considered living.

Question 39

What is a multicellular organism?

Answer 39

A multicellular organism is a living thing made up of two or more cells

Question 40

Nucleus

Answer 40

The nucleus controls and regulates the activities of the cell (e.g., growth and metabolism) and carries the genes, structures that contain the hereditary information.

Question 41

Nutrition

Answer 41

All living creatures can take on new materials for movement, growth and repair.

Question 42

What is an organelle?

Answer 42

A structure in a cell that performs a particular function. Organelles, or 'little organs', carry out the processes needed to keep cells alive.

Question 43

What are organs?

Answer 43

A body part that performs a specific function. Organs are made up of tissues. Examples of organs include the brain, heart, lungs and stomach.

Question 44

Peroxisome

Answer 44

Peroxisomes are organelles that sequester diverse oxidative reactions and play important roles in metabolism, reactive oxygen species detoxification, and signalling. Oxidative pathways housed in peroxisomes include fatty acid β-oxidation, which contributes to embryogenesis, seedling growth, and stomatal opening.

Question 45

Plasmodesmata

Answer 45

To enable intercellular communication, plants have evolved cytoplasmic bridges, called plasmodesmata, which span cell walls, linking the fluid cytoplasm between adjacent cells.

Question 46

Reproduction

Answer 46

All living creatures can make copies of themselves.

Question 47

Respiration

Answer 47

All living creatures can get energy, usually from the intake of oxygen

Question 48

Ribosome

Answer 48

A ribosome is a cellular particle made of RNA and protein that serves as the site for protein synthesis in the cell. The ribosome reads the sequence of the messenger RNA (mRNA) and, using the genetic code, translates the sequence of RNA bases into a sequence of amino acids.

Question 49

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 49

The endoplasmic reticulum can either be smooth or rough, and in general its function is to produce proteins for the rest of the cell to function. The rough endoplasmic reticulum has on it ribosomes, which are small, round organelles whose function it is to make those proteins.

Question 50

What is sensitivity?

Answer 50

Sensitivity is when all living creatures can respond to changes in the environment

Question 51

What is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 51

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER), meshwork of fine dislike tubular membrane vesicles, part of a continuous membrane organelle within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, that is involved in the synthesis and storage of lipids, including cholesterol and phospholipids, which are used in the production of new cellular

Question 52

What is a specialised cell?

Answer 52

A cell with unique structures to perform certain functions in the body. The size, shape and features of a specialised cell are adapted to help it do its job.

Question 53

What is a tissue?

Answer 53

A group of similar cells that work together. A group of tissues form an organ. Examples of tissues include muscle, bone, blood and skin.

Question 54

What is a unicellular organism?

Answer 54

A living thing made up of a single cell. Bacteria and yeast are examples of unicellular organisms.

Question 55

What is a vacuole?

Answer 55

A vacuole is a membrane-bound cell organelle. In animal cells, vacuoles are generally small and help sequester waste products. In plant cells, vacuoles help maintain water balance. Sometimes a single vacuole can take up most of the interior space of the plant cell.