Biology unit 1:

Question 1

Describe a monocot

Answer 1

fibrous roots, one cotyledon(seed leaf), parallel leaves, in flower parts/petals of 3s. scattered vascular bundle

Question 2

what is the specialized stem that stores food

Answer 2

tuber

Question 3

Describe a dicot

Answer 3

in flower parts of 4-5s, taproot(single large root), 2 cotyledons(2 seed leaves), veiny like leaves , ring like vascular bundle.

Question 4

plants are ? (characteristics)

Answer 4

multicellular eukaryotes , containing chloroplast for photosynthesis

Question 5

how much photosynthesis occurs in the ocean?

Answer 5

70%

Question 6

what vessel carries water and is it an alive or dead cell

Answer 6

The xylem carries water and minerals up the stem, it is made of dead cells.

Question 7

What vessel carries sugars up the stem, and is it alive or a dead cell

Answer 7

Phloem, carries sugar up and down the stem depending on which part needs it more, it has cells that are alive

Question 8

Describe non-vascular plants

Answer 8

They have no system of vessels, examples are moss. Need a moist surface to swim for reproduction and use spores.

Question 9

for non-vascular cells what term is used for moving nutrients and water between cells?

Answer 9

osmosis and diffusion

Question 10

what was the first vascular plant and do they use seeds or spores?

Answer 10

It was ferns and they still use spores to this day

Question 11

what are “naked seeds” called, name one example.

Answer 11

They are called gymnosperms, any species of pine trees works

Question 12

What was the most recent evolution for plants to reproduce and explain the actions.

Answer 12

It was angiosperms, they produce flowers that attracts animals, the seeds are in the fruit, attracting animals to spread them.

Question 12

Draw the diagram of a flower

Question 13

Are mono and dicots angiosperms or gymnosperms.

Answer 13

They are angiosperms.

Question 14

One example of a soft stemmed/herbaceous monocot and a woody/hard stemmed monocot.

Answer 14

Bamboo is the hard stemmed monocot while, grass would be a soft stemmed one.

Question 15

One example of a herbaceous/soft stemmed dicot and a woody/hard stemed one

Answer 15

Potatoes would be a soft/herbaceous stemmed monocot while, oak would be a woody hard stemmed one.

Question 16

draw a dicot vascular bundle

Answer 16

Correct answer should be vascular bundles in a ring

Question 17

draw a monocot vascular bundle

Answer 17

all scattered vascular bundles

Question 18

draw a monocot root system

Answer 18

It should be fibrous and be all scattered about

Question 19

Draw a dicot root system

Answer 19

Taproot, should have branches but one main root

Question 20

draw the phylogeny/evolution relation of plants

Question 21

What is the function of rhizomes?

Answer 21

underground stem buds for reproduction, grows shoots and roots, also cloning the parent plant.(Stays on the parent plant). They growing horizontally

Question 22

Function of stolon’s?

Answer 22

A stem that grows upwards and grows into new plants at the tip.

Question 23

draw the structure of a root

Question 24

Whats an annual stem?

Answer 24

Annual stems grow every year and have a green stem

Question 25

Whats a perennial stem?

Answer 25

Woody plants that have wood stems. They don't grow every year.

Question 26

Function of roots?

Answer 26

Anchor plant, absorb water and minerals, protect from erosion, carry water through xylem.

Question 27

What region is able to use mitosis and name the 2 types.

Answer 27

The meristems, the two are apical and lateral.

Question 28

Explain cuticle

Answer 28

A waxy layer to protect leaf and reduce water and gas loss

Question 29

explain the function of the Epidermis

Answer 29

Mechanical strength to leaf, transparent to allow sunlight in, lower epidermis has stomata and guard cells.

Question 30

Explain the stomata and its actions

Answer 30

In the daylight it does CO2 exchange,stomata is open, when its really dry it might fully or partially close to save water. closed at night

Question 31

Explain guard cells.

Answer 31

2 guard cells per stomata, they will open and close the stomata depending on the situation.

Question 32

Explain the spongy mesophyll

Answer 32

loose cells that are at the bottom of leaf, through a process of transpiration water vapor escapes into the stomata and out.

Question 33

what does the trichomes(hairs) do?

Answer 33

absorption ,protection, and secretion

Question 34

Parenchyma usage?

Answer 34

thin cell wall, does mitosis to expand or fix damage,filled with chloroplast, suited for water, light and gas exchange.

Question 35

Palisade parenchyma/mesophyll usage?

Answer 35

It is used for photosynthesis.

Question 36

Spongy parenchyma/mesophyll usage.

Answer 36

mainly used for gas exchange

Question 37

Collenchyma function?

Answer 37

It is a flexible but hard cell wall. (in the stem)

Question 38

Sclerenchyma function?

Answer 38

dead cell walls, very hard and not flexible.

Question 39

Plant cells send hormone signals to tell each other?

Answer 39

When to drop their leaves. 2.When to start new growth. 3.When to cause fruit to ripen. 4.When to cause flowers to bloom. 5.When to cause seeds to sprout.

Question 40

There are 5 major classes of hormones:

Answer 40

1. Gibberellins 2. Cytokinins 3. Abscisic Acid (ABA) 4. Ethylene 5. Auxins

Question 41

function of Gibberellins?

Answer 41

Promote growth in stems, seeds, and leaves. Stimulate seed germination and fruit development.

Question 42

Cytokinins

Answer 42

* Cytokinins promote cell division and cell differentiation in growing plants. * They also delay the aging of fruit and leaves.

Question 43

Ethylene

Answer 43

fruit releases a bit, the more ripe the more it releases- this causes neighboring fruit to age faster.

Question 44

Abscisic Acid (ABA)

Answer 44

In mature leaves. ABA blocks growth hormones and inhibits the growth of: – germinating seeds – growth of buds – plant stems

Question 45

Auxins

Answer 45

produced in the stem tip that promotes cell elongation causes cells on the dark side to grow larger than the ones on the lighter side

Question 46

Name the 3 Tropisms

Answer 46

Phototropism, Geotrophism and Thigmotropism

Question 47

Phototropism function.

Answer 47

Plants bend towards the light

Question 48

Geotrophism

Answer 48

growth response to gravity -plant roots grow down with gravity, shoots (stems) grow up against gravity and out of the soil.

Question 49

Thigmotropism

Answer 49

growth response to touch -vines grow up around trees, Venus flytrap closes when leaves are touched

Question 50

endosperm function

Answer 50

Provides nutrients for the embryo

Question 51

epicotyl

Answer 51

above cotyledon provides a shoot and leaves

Question 52

hypocotyl

Answer 52

below cotolyden. creates roots

Question 53

flower diagram

Question 54

seed diagram

Question 55

root diagram

Question 56

what plant hormones are inhibitory

Answer 56

Abscisic Acid (ABA), Ethylene