Biology unit 1: Flashcards

(57 cards)

1
Q

Describe a monocot

A

fibrous roots, one cotyledon(seed leaf), parallel leaves, in flower parts/petals of 3s. scattered vascular bundle

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2
Q

what is the specialized stem that stores food

A

tuber

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3
Q

Describe a dicot

A

in flower parts of 4-5s, taproot(single large root), 2 cotyledons(2 seed leaves), veiny like leaves , ring like vascular bundle.

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4
Q

plants are ? (characteristics)

A

multicellular eukaryotes , containing chloroplast for photosynthesis

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5
Q

how much photosynthesis occurs in the ocean?

A

70%

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6
Q

what vessel carries water and is it an alive or dead cell

A

The xylem carries water and minerals up the stem, it is made of dead cells.

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7
Q

What vessel carries sugars up the stem, and is it alive or a dead cell

A

Phloem, carries sugar up and down the stem depending on which part needs it more, it has cells that are alive

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8
Q

Describe non-vascular plants

A

They have no system of vessels, examples are moss. Need a moist surface to swim for reproduction and use spores.

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9
Q

for non-vascular cells what term is used for moving nutrients and water between cells?

A

osmosis and diffusion

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10
Q

what was the first vascular plant and do they use seeds or spores?

A

It was ferns and they still use spores to this day

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11
Q

what are “naked seeds” called, name one example.

A

They are called gymnosperms, any species of pine trees works

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12
Q

What was the most recent evolution for plants to reproduce and explain the actions.

A

It was angiosperms, they produce flowers that attracts animals, the seeds are in the fruit, attracting animals to spread them.

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12
Q

Draw the diagram of a flower

A
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13
Q

Are mono and dicots angiosperms or gymnosperms.

A

They are angiosperms.

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14
Q

One example of a soft stemmed/herbaceous monocot and a woody/hard stemmed monocot.

A

Bamboo is the hard stemmed monocot while, grass would be a soft stemmed one.

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15
Q

One example of a herbaceous/soft stemmed dicot and a woody/hard stemed one

A

Potatoes would be a soft/herbaceous stemmed monocot while, oak would be a woody hard stemmed one.

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16
Q

draw a dicot vascular bundle

A

Correct answer should be vascular bundles in a ring

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17
Q

draw a monocot vascular bundle

A

all scattered vascular bundles

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18
Q

draw a monocot root system

A

It should be fibrous and be all scattered about

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19
Q

Draw a dicot root system

A

Taproot, should have branches but one main root

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20
Q

draw the phylogeny/evolution relation of plants

A
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21
Q

What is the function of rhizomes?

A

underground stem buds for reproduction, grows shoots and roots, also cloning the parent plant.(Stays on the parent plant). They growing horizontally

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22
Q

Function of stolon’s?

A

A stem that grows upwards and grows into new plants at the tip.

23
Q

draw the structure of a root

24
Whats an annual stem?
Annual stems grow every year and have a green stem
25
Whats a perennial stem?
Woody plants that have wood stems. They don't grow every year.
26
Function of roots?
Anchor plant, absorb water and minerals, protect from erosion, carry water through xylem.
27
What region is able to use mitosis and name the 2 types.
The meristems, the two are apical and lateral.
28
Explain cuticle
A waxy layer to protect leaf and reduce water and gas loss
29
explain the function of the Epidermis
Mechanical strength to leaf, transparent to allow sunlight in, lower epidermis has stomata and guard cells.
30
Explain the stomata and its actions
In the daylight it does CO2 exchange,stomata is open, when its really dry it might fully or partially close to save water. closed at night
31
Explain guard cells.
2 guard cells per stomata, they will open and close the stomata depending on the situation.
32
Explain the spongy mesophyll
loose cells that are at the bottom of leaf, through a process of transpiration water vapor escapes into the stomata and out.
33
what does the trichomes(hairs) do?
absorption ,protection, and secretion
34
Parenchyma usage?
thin cell wall, does mitosis to expand or fix damage,filled with chloroplast, suited for water, light and gas exchange.
35
Palisade parenchyma/mesophyll usage?
It is used for photosynthesis.
36
Spongy parenchyma/mesophyll usage.
mainly used for gas exchange
37
Collenchyma function?
It is a flexible but hard cell wall. (in the stem)
38
Sclerenchyma function?
dead cell walls, very hard and not flexible.
39
Plant cells send hormone signals to tell each other?
When to drop their leaves. 2.When to start new growth. 3.When to cause fruit to ripen. 4.When to cause flowers to bloom. 5.When to cause seeds to sprout.
40
There are 5 major classes of hormones:
1. Gibberellins 2. Cytokinins 3. Abscisic Acid (ABA) 4. Ethylene 5. Auxins
41
function of Gibberellins?
Promote growth in stems, seeds, and leaves. Stimulate seed germination and fruit development.
42
Cytokinins
* Cytokinins promote cell division and cell differentiation in growing plants. * They also delay the aging of fruit and leaves.
43
Ethylene
fruit releases a bit, the more ripe the more it releases- this causes neighboring fruit to age faster.
44
Abscisic Acid (ABA)
In mature leaves. ABA blocks growth hormones and inhibits the growth of: – germinating seeds – growth of buds – plant stems
45
Auxins
produced in the stem tip that promotes cell elongation causes cells on the dark side to grow larger than the ones on the lighter side
46
Name the 3 Tropisms
Phototropism, Geotrophism and Thigmotropism
47
Phototropism function.
Plants bend towards the light
48
Geotrophism
growth response to gravity -plant roots grow down with gravity, shoots (stems) grow up against gravity and out of the soil.
49
Thigmotropism
growth response to touch -vines grow up around trees, Venus flytrap closes when leaves are touched
50
endosperm function
Provides nutrients for the embryo
51
epicotyl
above cotyledon provides a shoot and leaves
52
hypocotyl
below cotolyden. creates roots
53
flower diagram
54
seed diagram
55
root diagram
56
what plant hormones are inhibitory
Abscisic Acid (ABA), Ethylene