Biology Unit 1+2

Question 1

What are the 4 osmoregulation adaptations for plants?

Answer 1

Hydrophytes
Mesophytes
Xerophytes
Halophytes

Question 2

What are hydrophytes?

Answer 2

Plants that are partly or fully submerged in water
- Large leaves to photosythesise
- Reduced roots
E.g. Lilly pads

Question 3

What are mesophytes?

Answer 3

Plants in moderatly watered soil
Not adapted to wet or dry environments
E.g. Clover, daisy

Question 4

What is are xerophytes?

Answer 4

Plants with little to no moisture
- Adapted to hold and store water
- Resist extreme conditions
E.g. Cacti

Question 5

What are halophytes?

Answer 5

Plants that live in salty enviroments

E.g. mangroves

Question 6

What makes photosythsis work?

Answer 6

The chloroplasts

Question 7

What is inside the chloroplasts?

Answer 7

Stroma -> thylakoids -> chlorophyll

Question 8

What happens in the light dependant reactions?

Answer 8

Inside the thylakoids, the chorophll absorbs the light and ‘excites’ the electrons, making energy.

Question 9

What happens in the light independent reactions?

Answer 9

The calvin Benson cycle. The stroma mixes the hydrogen, carbon dioxide and extra ATP to create glucose.

Question 10

What is the process of aerobic cell respiration?

Answer 10

Glycosis -> Krebs Cycle -> Electron transport chain

Glucose reacts with oxygen forming ATP

Question 11

What do stomata do?

Answer 11

Gas exchanges in the plant

Question 12

What does the stomata at night?

Answer 12

Close to save water

Question 13

What is a physiological adaptation?

Answer 13

Things that happen inside the body

E.g. temp regulation, releasing anti freeze proteins to not freeze

Question 14

What is a behavioural adaptation?

Answer 14

Things an animal knowingly do to survive

E.g. huddling together to share heat, hibernating

Question 15

What is a structural adaptation?

Answer 15

Things on the body

E.g. shorter/longer tails

Question 16

What is a enzyme?

Answer 16

A biological catalyst that speeds up the reaction rate.

Question 17

What enters the enzyme?

Answer 17

A substrate into the as active site

Question 18

What is the lock and key hypothesis?

Answer 18

The substrate and enzyme fit perfectly together by themselves

Question 19

What is the induced fit hypothesis?

Answer 19

The enzyme molds around the substrate to fit into the active site.

Question 20

What is the optimum temperature for an enzyme?

Answer 20

Around 37°C

Question 21

What is the optimum pH level for enzymes?

Answer 21

It is different for each enzyme.

Question 22

What factors effect enzymatic activity?

Answer 22

Temp., pH, Enzyme concentration and Substrate concentration.

The concentration can become too much, making the process slower.

Question 23

What is are prokaryotes?

Answer 23

Unicellular organisms, no nucleus

E.g. bacteria

Question 24

What are eukaryotes?

Answer 24

Multicellular organisms, have nucleus and organelles surrounded by membrane.
E.g. all animals and plants

Question 25

What does the mitochondria do?

Answer 25

Creates energy for the cell

Question 26

How much mitochondria does a cell have?

Answer 26

As much as it needs, if it needs more energy, it will have more mitochondria

Question 27

What is the process of mitochondria?

Answer 27

Takes in oxygen -> produces C02 and ATP energy

Question 28

Where is the pituratory gland found?

Answer 28

In the brain (middle low)

Question 29

What is on the O2 Dissociation curve

Answer 29

Saturation (vertically) pressure (bottom)

Question 30

What happens on the right side of the dissociation curve?

Answer 30

Increased temp, lower pH

Question 31

What happens on the left side of the dissociation curve?

Answer 31

Lower temp, higher pH

Question 32

What hormones does the pituratory gland produce?

Answer 32

Growth, testosterone, oestrogen, etc…

Question 33

What is antigen?

Answer 33

BAD comes on the virus/forgien body

Question 34

What is a antibody?

Answer 34

GOOD immune response to the intruder. Special forces that hunt down the antigen

Question 35

What is Homeostasis?

Answer 35

A physiological process that attempts to reach a stable equilibrium.

Question 36

What are some examples of Homeostasis in the human body?

Answer 36

Temperature, Blood sugar level,

Question 37

What is a negative feedback system?

Answer 37

When the stimulus is negativity effected. E.g. fell cold so you move to warm up, not feeling cold anymore

Question 38

What are the 3 tonics?

Answer 38

Hypertonic, Isotonic, Hypertonic

Question 39

What is a Osmoconformer?

Answer 39

Things that have the same osmotic pressure as the environment around them. They conform to their environment

Question 40

What is a Osmoregulator?

Answer 40

Things that regulate the water against their environment

Question 41

What is Osmoregulation?

Answer 41

The balance of water and salt

Question 42

What is facilitated Diffusion?

Answer 42

When nutrients too big go through the proteins (no energy, still goes with the concentration gradient)

Question 43

What is endocytosis?

Answer 43

When the thing is wrapped around the membrane to enter the cell forming a VESICLE

Question 44

What is an Ectotherm?

Answer 44

An animal that relies on their external environment to warm up / cool down

Question 45

What is a Endotherm?

Answer 45

Enderdragon, Generate heat internally (birds, etc.)

Question 46

What is Osmosis?

Answer 46

When the water goes with the concentration gradient in or out of the cell

Question 47

What is a Pathogen?

Answer 47

Viruses, bacteria, fungi, worms etc… things that disrupt the normal physiological rhythm

Question 48

What is active transport?

Answer 48

The movement of molecules against the concentration gradient, uses cell ATP energy and the proteins.

Question 49

What are the 2 hydro’s in the cell membrane?

Answer 49

Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic