Biology Unit #10

Question 1

Classification

Answer 1

The grouping of objects or info based on similarities

Question 2

Taxonomy

Answer 2

a branch of biology that groups and names organisms based on the study of their different characteristics

Question 3

Scientific Grouping Factors

Answer 3

• structural similarities
• breeding behavior
• geographic distribution
• number of chromosomes
• biochemistry

Question 4

6 Major Kingdoms

Answer 4

1. Eubacteria
2. Archaebacteria
3. Protists
4. Fungi
5. Plants
6. Animals

Question 5

3 Domains

Answer 5

Bacteria
Archaea
Eukaryota

Question 6

Carl Linnaeus

Answer 6

developed a system to give each organism a 2 worded Latin name (binomial nomenclature)

Question 7

Binomial Nomenclature

Answer 7

a two worded naming system

Question 8

Scientific Name Format

Answer 8

Genus species (in italics)

Question 9

Germ Theory

Answer 9

states that many diseases are caused by microorganisms

Question 10

Louis Pasteur & Robert Koch

Answer 10

together they developed and accepted the germ theory

Question 11

Pathogen

Answer 11

anything that can cause a disease and is transmissible (some bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protists)

Question 12

First part of the germ theory

Answer 12

Bacteria are Prokaryotic
- no membrane bound organelles
- simple, small
- no nucleus
- free floating DNA

Question 13

Second part of the germ theory

Answer 13

Bacteria can be in many different shapes
- spirilla - spiral
-bacillus - rod
- cocci - circle

Question 14

Third part of the germ theory

Answer 14

Structures of Bacteria
- cell membrane and wall
- cytoplasm
- DNA
- Ribosomes
- Some have flagella

Question 15

Fourth part of the germ theory

Answer 15

Bacteria makes up 2/6 of the major kingdoms
- Archaebacteria = autotrophs, live in extreme environments
- Eubacteria = heterotrophs, live everywhere except harsh environments, some are parasites

Question 16

Fifth part of the germ theory

Answer 16

Bacteria reproduce by binary fission
- Binary Fission = a type of asexual reproduction where bacteria splits in half

Question 17

Sixth part of the germ theory

Answer 17

Bacteria can cause:
- strep throat
- tuberculosis
- tetanus
- Lyme’s disease
- cavities
- cholera
- E coli
- salmonella

Question 18

Seventh part of the germ theory

Answer 18

Some bacteria are helpful
- food = yogurt, cheese
- medicine = antibiotics
- plants = some attach to roots and convert nitrogen

Question 19

Structure of a Virus

Answer 19

• nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein coat
• in the capsid is DNA and/or RNA
• sometimes the capsid is surrounded by protein envelope

Question 20

Viruses have many different shapes

Answer 20

• they are smaller than bacteria

Question 21

Common Viruses are:

Answer 21

• rabies
• polio
• Flu
• HIV
• adenovirus
• hepatitis
• chicken pox
• mono
• shingles
• leukemia

Question 22

Virus characteristics

Answer 22

• aren’t alive
• not part of the 6 kingdoms
• to live and replicate they need a host cell

Question 23

Vacinations

Answer 23

• we get vaccines to protect ourselves against viruses
• antibiotics don’t work on viruses

Question 24

Kingdom Protista

Answer 24

the most diverse kingdom

Question 25

Protist

Answer 25

- a eukaryote that isn't a plant, animal, or fungus - most are unicellular and live in water

Question 26

3 categories of protists

Answer 26

1. Animal-like (protozoa) 2. Plant-like (algae) 3. Fungus-like

Question 27

Animal-like Protists

Answer 27

heterotrophs, usually motile, amoebas, paramecium

Question 28

Plant-like Protists

Answer 28

autotrophic, algae

Question 29

Fungus-like Protist

Answer 29

multicellular, decompose decaying material, found in moist areas, slime molds

Question 30

Kingdom Fungi

Answer 30

most are multicellular all are eukaryotic, found everywhere, most are made of thin colorless threads called hyphae that are tangled in a web called mycelium, heterotrophic, decomposers, have cell walls made of chitin, reproduce both ways