biology unit 2

Question 1

organization of life

Answer 1

atom–>molecule–>organelle–>cell–>tissue–>organ–>system–>organism

Question 2

cell membrane

Answer 2

contains the cell, protects it from bad things outside but allows some things to travel in and out
double layer thick

Question 3

nucleus

Answer 3

like the brain of the cell, controls eating, movement and reproduction

Question 4

cytoplasm

Answer 4

suspends the organelles inside the cell, contains rich nutrients

Question 5

choloroplasts

Answer 5

food producers, work to convert light energy into sugars (site of photosynthesis)

Question 6

vacuole

Answer 6

stores food and nutrients for the cell, along with it’s waste to protect the rest of the cell from contamination

Question 7

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 7

functions as a manufacturing and packaging system, circulates nutrients throughout the cell

Question 8

ribosome

Answer 8

site of protein synthesis

Question 9

lysosomes

Answer 9

digest food for the cell to break down, and break down when the cell dies

Question 10

golgi apparatus

Answer 10

receive modify and transport products around the cell

Question 11

mitochondrion

Answer 11

takes in nutrients, breaks them down and creates energy rich molecules sugar —> energy

Question 12

centrioles

Answer 12

there to help the cell when it needs to divide and reproduce

pulls apart chromosomes

Question 13

not charged molecules

Answer 13

diffuse easily through the membrane, good because we need a lot of oxygen (oxygen and CO2)

Question 14

charged molecules

Answer 14

pass more slowly through aquaporins (water and ethanol)

Question 15

membrane carbohydrates

Answer 15

determines the cell, is a marker

Question 16

highly charged molecules

Answer 16

cant pass through, and always need to go through special transport

Question 17

selectively permeable

Answer 17

allowing some things through the membrane and certain things don’t get to go through

Question 18

open system

Answer 18

that exchanges both matter and energy with its sourroundings

Question 19

closed system

Answer 19

a system that cannot transfer matter to its energy, but can transfer energy

Question 20

solute

Answer 20

a substance that is dissolved in a solution

Question 21

solvent

Answer 21

substance that dissolves one or more solutes in a solution

Question 22

solution

Answer 22

mixture in which separates components are not visible

Question 23

diffusion

Answer 23

spontaneous movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

Question 24

osmosis

Answer 24

a special kind of diffusion that involves only water

Question 25

concentration gradient

Answer 25

different levels of concentration, difference in height

Question 26

homeostasis

Answer 26

state of balance, state of perfectness-what nature always wants

Question 27

passive transport

Answer 27

movement from high concentration to low concentration NO ENERGY NEEDED-with the concentration gradient

Question 28

protein pumps

Answer 28

use a source of free energy such as ATP or light to drive the thermodynamically uphill transport or IONS or molecules

Question 29

facilitated diffusion

Answer 29

diffusion of molecules across a membrane with the help of carrier proteins

Question 30

active transport

Answer 30

movement of molecules across a membrane against the concentration gradient, requires energy (ATP)

Question 31

isotonic

Answer 31

describing a solution that has the same solute concentration as another solution

Question 32

ATP

Answer 32

is a source of energy from the mitochondria as it turns sugar into energy (adenosine triphosphate)

Question 33

endocytosis

Answer 33

process of a vacuole engulfing a molecule that is too big to fit through the membrane

Question 34

exocytosis

Answer 34

vesicle inside the cell that moves to the membrane fuses with it, and releases the particles from the cell

Question 35

bulk transport

Answer 35

many particles came in and out at the same time

Question 36

types of passive transport

Answer 36

regular diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis

Question 37

types of active transport

Answer 37

protein pumps, endocytosis, exocytosis

Question 38

hypotonic

Answer 38

less solute- more water or dissolving - more is going out

Question 39

hypertonic

Answer 39

more solute - less water or dissolvent - more is going in

Question 40

water moves ..

Answer 40

from highly concentrated (hypotonic) environment to hypertonic (low concentration) environment

Question 41

life processes necessary for organisms to survive

Answer 41

release of waste, gas exchange and food source

Question 42

particle theory

Answer 42

- all things are made up of particles big and small - particles are constantly moving - particles are at tracked to each other - particles have spaces between them (smallest solids largest gases)