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GCSE Physics > Biology Unit 2 > Flashcards

Biology Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What parts does a plant cell have, that an animal cell doesn’t?

A

Cell wall, vacuole and chloroplasts.

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2
Q

What is the purpose of a nucleus?

A

A nucleus controls the activities of the cell.

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3
Q

What is the purpose of a cytoplasm?

A

A cytoplasm is where most chemical reactions take place.

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4
Q

What part of a cell controls what comes in an out of the cell?

A

The cell membrane.

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5
Q

What cell part is responsible for respiration?

A

Mitochondria.

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6
Q

Where in the cell does protein synthesis occur?

A

Ribosomes.

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7
Q

Which cell part is responsible for photosynthesis?

A

Chloroplasts.

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8
Q

Define defusion.

A

The spreading of particles from a an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

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9
Q

Name the parts of the digestive system.

A

Pancreas, the stomach, small intestine, large intestine and the liver.

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10
Q

What do xylem and phloem do?

A

Transport food, water and minerals around the plant.

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11
Q

What is the part of a plant leaf that allows gas exchange? Where is it located on the leaf?

A

The stomata are located mostly on the underside of the leaf.

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12
Q

Write down the equation for photosynthesis.

A

light

Carbon dioxide + water ——-> glucose + oxygen

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13
Q

What cells does photosynthesis mostly occur in? Why?

A

Mesophyll cells. They contain lots of choloplasts. Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll.

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14
Q

Name five physical factors that affect organisms.

A

Temperature, nutrients, light, water, gasses (e.g. oxygen)

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15
Q

What is made up of long chains of amino acids?

A

Protein.

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16
Q

What do pathogens carry?

A

Antigens.

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17
Q

What are antigens attached to?

A

Pathogens.

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18
Q

What is an enzyme? And what does it do?

A

Enzymes are biological catalyst that brings about a specific biochemical reaction.

19
Q

What effect do enzymes have on activation energy of a reaction?

A

Enzymes reduce the activation energy of a reaction.

20
Q

What does it mean when we say that an enzyme is denatured? Don’t talk about pH.

A

An enzyme is called denatured when it’s active site changes shape. When it does, the substrate no longer fits. This happens at around 40 Celsius.

21
Q

What effect does pH have on an enzyme?

A

pH affects the forces that hold the enzyme molecule together. Changes in pH can change the shape of the active site.

22
Q

What enzyme catalyses the hydrolysis of starch into sugars?

A

Amylase.

23
Q

Protease is an enzyme. What does it help us do?

A

Break down protein into amino acids.

24
Q

Lipids are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol. What is the name of the enzyme that catalyses this reaction?

A

Lipase.

25
Q

What is isomerise used for industrially?

A

It is used to convert glucose into fructose, which is much sweeter.

26
Q

Name the type of respiration that doesn’t use oxygen.

A

Anaerobic respiration.

27
Q

Does aerobic respiration involve oxygen?

A

Yup.

28
Q

Glucose + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water + energy.

What is this equation of?

A

Aerobic respiration.

29
Q

Where is glycogen stored?

A

In the muscles.

30
Q

Write down the equation for anaerobic respiration

A

Glucose —-> lactic acid + some energy

31
Q

What causes muscle fatigue?

A

The buildup of lactic acid in the muscles.

32
Q

What are chromosomes made up of?

A

DNA

33
Q

How many chromosomes are there in a typical human body cell?

A

23

34
Q

Difference between meiosis and mitosis in terms of the number of daughter cells?

A

Mitosis: 2 daughter cells
Meiosis: 4 daughter cells

35
Q

What did Mendel study?

A

Principles of inheritance in pea plants.

36
Q

What do we call different forms of the same gene?

A

Alleles.

37
Q

What does a phenotype describe?

A

The observable, visual characteristics that an organism has.

38
Q

What does a genotype tell us?

A

The genetic makeup of an organism.

39
Q

What’s the difference between a homozygous and a heterozygous genotype?

A

Homozygous has 2 identical alleles.

Heterozygous has 2 different alleles.

40
Q

What do we call a genotype that has 2 different alleles?

A

Heterozygous.

41
Q

A homozygous has 2 alleles. Are they different or the same?

A

Same.

42
Q

What makes it difficult for individuals to survive?

A

Predators, diseases, environmental changes, catastrophes.

43
Q

Isolation, genetic variation and natural selection can lead to….

A

…a new species.

44
Q

Name the parts of an animal cell

A

Nucleus, cytoplasm, rimosomes, mitochondria, cell membrane.

GCSE Physics (30 decks)

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