BIOLOGY UNIT 2

Question 1

nucleus

Answer 1

contains genetic material and controls the cells activities

Question 2

cytoplasm

Answer 2

chemical reactions take place

Question 3

cell membrane

Answer 3

control movements in and out of cell

Question 4

mitochondria

Answer 4

where energy is released during aerobic respiration

Question 5

ribosomes

Answer 5

where protein synthesis takes place

Question 6

chloroplasts

Answer 6

contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis

Question 7

cell wall

Answer 7

made of cellulose which supports the cell

Question 8

permanent vacuole

Answer 8

contains cell sap

Question 9

bacteria

Answer 9

do not have a nucleus
the genetic material is in the cytoplasm
when bacteria multiply they form a colony

Question 10

diffusion

Answer 10

spreading out of particles across areas of high to low concentration

Question 11

tissue

Answer 11

a group of cells with similar structure and function

Question 12

muscle tissue

Answer 12

contracts to bring about movement

Question 13

glandular tissue

Answer 13

secrete produces substances such as enzymes or hormones

Question 14

xylem and phloem

Answer 14

transport substances around the plant

Question 15

word equation for photosynthesis

Answer 15

carbon dioxide + water — glucose + oxygen

Question 16

conditions plants need to grow

Answer 16

light, carbon dioxide, water and kept at a suitable temperature
-if any of these factors are not met-
then they will be limiting factors

Question 17

what is glucose from photosynthesis used for?

Answer 17

converted into insoluble starch for storage
use for respiration
converted into fats and oils for storage
used to produce proteins
used to produce cellulose-which strengthens cell walls

Question 18

quadrat

Answer 18

square frame made of metal or wood
used in sampling
used to estimate number of (for example- daisies in a field)

Question 19

transect

Answer 19

a line across a habitat where the number of organisms can be seen and recorded at regular intervals along it

Question 20

repeatable

Answer 20

if the original experimenter repeats the investigation using the same method and equipment and gets the same results

Question 21

reproducible

Answer 21

if the investigation is repeated by another person OR by using different equipment/techniques and you still get the same results

Question 22

protein molecules

Answer 22

long chains of amino acids

Question 23

enzymes

Answer 23

biological catalysts- they speed up reactions
large proteins and the shape of the enzyme is vital for its function- it has an area where other molecules can fit - the active site

Question 24

amylase

Answer 24

produced by
salivary glands, pancreas and small intestine
digestion of starch into sugars

Question 25

protease

Answer 25

produced by stomach, pancreas and small intestine breakdown of proteins into amino acids

Question 26

lipase

Answer 26

produced by pancreas and small intestine breakdown of lipids to fatty acids and glycerol

Question 27

bile

Answer 27

the liver produces bile and it is stored in the gall bladder | the bile is alkaline so neutralises the stomach acid helping the enzymes work better

Question 28

biological detergents

Answer 28

contain proteases and lipases that digest food stains

Question 29

the word equation for aerobic respiration

Answer 29

glucose+oxygen —carbon dioxide + water

Question 30

what happens when you exercise?

Answer 30

your body needs to increase the rate at which oxygen and glucose reach the muscle cells the heart rate increases and the blood vessels supplying the muscles dilate (widen) your breathing rate and depth of each breath also increases

Question 31

anaerobic respiration

Answer 31

without or not enough oxygen | lactic acid gets produced which causes fatigue

Question 32

MITosis

Answer 32

making identical two- no fusing of gametes

Question 33

MEiosis

Answer 33

making eggs- fusing of gametes

Question 34

stem cells

Answer 34

unspecialised | found in human embryo and in adult bone marrow

Question 35

gregor mendel

Answer 35

worked out how characteristics are inherited | genes make up the chromosomes, which control our characteristics

Question 36

how many chromosomes do we have?

Answer 36

23

Question 37

alleles

Answer 37

genes controlling the same characteristics

Question 38

phenotype

Answer 38

physical apperance of the characteristic

Question 39

genetype

Answer 39

the genetic make up

Question 40

polydactyly

Answer 40

where a baby is born with extra fingers or toes

Question 41

cystic fibrosis

Answer 41

caused by a recessive allele | thick sticky mucus on lungs and pancreas

Question 42

extinction

Answer 42

a species which once existed has completely dies out

Question 43

speciation

Answer 43

has occurred when the two populations can no longer successfully interbreed