Biology Unit Test 1

Question 1

A chemical process of combining monomers to form a polymer

Answer 1

Polymerization

Question 2

A small molecule that may be chemically bonded to other like molecules to form a polymer

Answer 2

monomer

Question 3

The type of chemical bond formed when two or more elements share electrons

Answer 3

Covalent bond

Question 4

A long chain of monomers

Answer 4

Polymer

Question 5

A chemical reaction that uses water to break apart a polymer into monomers

Answer 5

Hydrolysis

Question 6

Any organic molecule produced by a living organism

Answer 6

biomolecule

Question 7

A type of molecule that does not include carbon e.g. H2O, NH3, NaCl

Answer 7

Inorganic Molecule

Question 8

The smallest portion of an element found in the period chart

Answer 8

Atom

Question 9

A chemical reaction that combines smaller molecules and forms water as a byproduct; often used to form polymers

Answer 9

Condensation Reaction

Question 10

A carbon-containing molecule that is associated with living organisms but may also be manmade

Answer 10

Organic molecule

Question 11

The type of chemical bond formed when two or more elements gain or lose electrons

Answer 11

Ionic Bond

Question 12

A large biomolecule that makes up living organisms; may be a protein, a carbohydrate, a lipid, or a nucleic acid

Answer 12

Macromolecule

Question 13

An organic molecule made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; used as a source of energy and gives structure to some types of cells

Answer 13

Carbohydrate

Question 14

A polysaccharide used in the cell walls of plants to give cells structural support

Answer 14

Cellulose

Question 15

A polysaccharide that contains nitrogen groups; used to strengthen the exoskeletons of crustaceans and insects and the cell walls of many kinds of fungi

Answer 15

Chitin

Question 16

A polymer of two simple sugars combined into one molecule.

Answer 16

Disaccharide

Question 17

A monosaccharide produced by plants during photosynthesis; main source of energy for cells

Answer 17

Glucose

Question 18

A simple sugar

Answer 18

Monosaccharide

Question 19

A polymer of sugar, meaning a long chain of sugar molecules chemically linked together

Answer 19

Polysaccharide

Question 20

Another name for “sugar” or for a sugar polymer

Answer 20

Saccharide

Question 21

A polysaccharide made by plants to store energy

Answer 21

Starch

Question 22

Another name for a condensation reaction in which monomers are combined to form a polymer

Answer 22

Dehydration Synthesis

Question 23

A type of steroid used in cell membranes and also used to make steroid hormones

Answer 23

cholesterol

Question 24

A type of lipid used to store energy and source of fatty acids

Answer 24

fat

Question 25

An organic acid that contains a long chain of hydrocarbons (carbon atoms bonded to other carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms)

Answer 25

fatty acids

Question 26

"water-loving"; attracted to water

Answer 26

hydrophilic

Question 27

"water-hating";repelled by water

Answer 27

hydrophobic

Question 28

organic molecules made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but unlike carbohydrates, they do not dissolve in water

Answer 28

Lipids

Question 29

A fat that has one double carbon-to-carbon bond

Answer 29

Monounsaturated fat

Question 30

A types of lipid that helps to make up cell membranes

Answer 30

phospholipid

Question 31

a fat that has all single carbon-to-carbon bonds and the maximum number of hydrogens attached to each carbon

Answer 31

saturated fat

Question 31

A fat that has more than one double carbon-to-carbon bond

Answer 31

polyunsaturated fat

Question 32

a type of lipid that can be present in cell membranes or can make up certain hormones

Answer 32

steroid

Question 33

a type of lipid that is used to waterproof leaves, skin, feathers, etc.

Answer 33

wax

Question 34

a belief or opinion that may affect experimental results

Answer 34

bias

Question 35

factors that remain the same for all groups during an experiment

Answer 35

constants

Question 36

the group that is used for comparisons; it does not received the tested element

Answer 36

control group

Question 37

The measurable change that occurs because of the independent variable

Answer 37

dependent variable

Question 38

a group that receives one element being tested

Answer 38

experimental group

Question 39

the variable used to produce an effect

Answer 39

independent variable

Question 40

a substance given to a control group that has no effect on the experiment but is used to eliminate bias

Answer 40

placebo

Question 41

measured data; data associated with numbers or specific amounts

Answer 41

quantitative data

Question 42

descriptive data; data not associated with numbers or amounts

Answer 42

qualitative data

Question 43

having no opinion or being impartial

Answer 43

unbiased

Question 44

a factor that is changed during an experiment in order to test its effect

Answer 44

variable

Question 45

A visual representation of data used to show parts (or percentages) of a whole

Answer 45

Pie graph or circle graph

Question 46

A visual representation of data used to show different quantities between different groups especially when data is not continuous.

Answer 46

Bar graph

Question 47

a visual representation of data showing how something has changed over a period of time

Answer 47

Line graph

Question 48

a description of a scientific experiment, data, or conclusion that is relevant or meaningful

Answer 48

scientifically valid

Question 49

new procedures or devices that use scientific advances or discoveries for practical purposes

Answer 49

technology

Question 50

the interpreted results of an experiment based on the data; may support or refute the hypothesis

Answer 50

conclusion

Question 51

a way to format and organize data into rows and columns

Answer 51

data table

Question 52

the best

Answer 52

optimum

Question 53

a computer program that allows data to be entered into a table of rows and columns and also to be analyzed by using mathematical formulas

Answer 53

spreadsheet

Question 54

Through photosynthesis, plant cells convert light energy into chemical energy. Which macromolecules are produced during this process?

Answer 54

Carbohydrates

Question 55

which of the following is a polysaccharide? glucose molecule fat molecule starch molecule monosaccharide

Answer 55

starch molecule

Question 56

Which of the following is considered a monosaccharide? glucose sucrose starch cellulose

Answer 56

glucose

Question 57

Carbohydrates are constantly required by organisms to carry out what main function?

Answer 57

to provide a source of cellular energy

Question 58

Similar to starch, cellulose is a complex carbohydrate. What compounds make up cellulose?

Answer 58

sugars

Question 59

Plants store glucose as starch. How do animals store glucose?

Answer 59

as glycogen

Question 60

What processes can break down glycogen stored in the liver into glucose?

Answer 60

polymerization

Question 61

What three elements are most commonly found in carbohydrate molecules?

Answer 61

carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Question 62

Name three examples of carbohydrates.

Answer 62

glucose, starch, cellulose

Question 63

Name three examples of polysaccharides.

Answer 63

cellulose, chitin, starch

Question 64

What are the organic molecules used for long-term energy storage called?

Answer 64

fats

Question 65

What kind of lipid acts as chemical messengers?

Answer 65

steroid hormones

Question 66

What are the two parts of a fat molecule?

Answer 66

glycerol, fatty acids

Question 67

Describe the bonds in a saturated fat.

Answer 67

only one single carbon-to-carbon bond

Question 68

Name three major functions of fat

Answer 68

insulation against cold protection of organs long term energy storage

Question 69

What is the main function of phospholipids?

Answer 69

major component of cell membranes

Question 70

The farmer tests the effects of sunlight on rate of bean seed germination. For this experiment, __________ depends on _____________. What is the independent variable? What is the dependent variable?

Answer 70

The bean depends of the sunlight independent variable - sunlight dependent variable - bean

Question 71

An exercise physiologist tests the effects of caffeine on the heart rate of ten people. For this experiment, __________ depends on _____________. What is the independent variable? What is the dependent variable?

Answer 71

The heart rate depends of caffeine independent variable - caffeine dependent variable - heart rate

Question 72

Students investigate the effect of temperature on seed germination. Before performing an experiment, the students decide how they will change the independent variable and count the number of seeds that germinate. Which variable should be different in each experimental group?

Answer 72

The number of seeds - Independent variable

Question 73

Keven knows of two different supplements that claim the ability to increase muscle strength in weight lifters. To determine which supplement is best at increasing muscle strength, what is the minimum number of groups he should include in an experiment.

Answer 73

At least 3 There must be a control group and a group for each supplement being tested.

Question 74

A pharmaceutical company gets FDA approval to test a memory enhancing medication on humans. The pharmaceutical company chooses 100 participants and splits them into two groups of 50 each. Once a day and over a period of 6 months, each participant is given a pill. In group A, the pill contains the medication. In group B, the pill contains no active ingredients. Once a week, the participants are given a test that measures their memory. the score for the test is recorded for each participant each week. What is the independent variable in this experiment? What is the dependent variable in this experiment? Which group represents the control group? Which group receives the placebo?

Answer 74

Independent variable - memory medication Dependent variable - memory Control group - Group B Placebo - Group B