Biology Vocab Organic Chemistry

Question 1

breakdown of large organic molecules in to smaller molecules that can power cells

Answer 1

Respiration

Question 2

the conversion of light energy to chemical energy with fixation of carbon dioxide into larger organic molecules

Answer 2

Photosynthesis

Question 3

large complex organic molecule

Answer 3

Macromolecule

Question 4

branch of chemistry that focuses on carbon-based molecules

Answer 4

Organic chemistry

Question 5

surgery, starch, or other organic compound that the digestive system can convert to glucose and use as a source of energy; a macronutrient

Answer 5

carbohydrate

Question 6

simple carbohydrate that consists of a single sugar molecules; includes glucose and fructose

Answer 6

monosaccharide

Question 7

molecule that shares formula with another molecules but is configured slightly differently; ex. Include glucose and fructose

Answer 7

isomer

Question 8

simple sugar that provides much of the body’s energy needs

Answer 8

glucose

Question 9

simple carbohydrate that contains 2 linked sugar molecules; includes sucrose

Answer 9

Disaccharide

Question 10

chain of 3 or more sugar molecules; complex carbohydrate

Answer 10

polysaccharide

Question 11

process of stringing together a number of monomers into a polymer

Answer 11

polymerization

Question 12

one of the small molecules that form a polymer

Answer 12

monomer

Question 13

long string of identical monomers

Answer 13

polymer

Question 14

polymer made of glucose monomers; stored in the roots of plants

Answer 14

starch

Question 15

polysaccharide that strengthens the cell wall of plants

Answer 15

cellulose

Question 16

organic compound, like fat or cholesterol, that fuels metabolism and contributes to the absorption of nutrients; a macronutrients

Answer 16

lipids

Question 17

lipid made up of a glycerol head and three long fatty acid molecules

Answer 17

triglyceride

Question 18

a hydrocarbon chain from 4-28 carbon atom long

Answer 18

fatty acid

Question 19

fatty acid chain in which all of the carbon atoms are linked by single bonds

Answer 19

saturated fatty acid

Question 20

lipid with no double bonds in it fatty acid chains; found in butter, cheese, cream, fatty meat, coconut oil, and many processed food considered an unhealthy fat

Answer 20

saturated fat

Question 21

double layer of phospholipids, head on the outside and tails on the inside, that forms the basis of the plasma membrane and other membranes

Answer 21

lipid bilayer

Question 22

polymer made up of nucleotides; inc, includes DNA and RNA center of an atom, containing the protons and neutrons

Answer 22

nucleic acid

Question 23

a nucleic acid in which the sugar is deoxyribose; carries genetic material from parent to offsprings

Answer 23

DNA

Question 24

a nucleic acid in which the sugar is ribose; plays a role in protein synthesis

Answer 24

RNA

Question 25

complex substance made up of amino acids linked by peptide bonds; a macronutrient

Answer 25

protein

Question 26

one of the molecules that makes up a protein

Answer 26

amino acid

Question 27

protein that functions as a catalyst, increasing the rate of a chemical reaction by lowing the energy needed to trigger that reaction

Answer 27

enzymes

Question 28

substance that lowers the energy needed to trigger a chemical reaction and so increases the rate of that reaction

Answer 28

catalyst

Question 29

reactant in an enzymatic reaction

Answer 29

Substrate

Question 30

recess in the surface of an enzyme where the substance bind

Answer 30

active site

Question 31

polysaccharide, converted from unused glucose, that is stored in the liver and muscle tissue until the glucose is needed for energy

Answer 31

glycogen