Biology1 Flashcards
(26 cards)
What are enzymes?
Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms.
True or False: Enzymes are consumed in the reactions they catalyze.
False
What role does pH play in enzyme activity?
pH affects the shape and charge of an enzyme, influencing its activity and efficiency.
Fill in the blank: The optimal pH for most enzymes is typically around _____ to _____ for human enzymes.
6 to 8
What happens to enzyme activity when pH is too high or too low?
Enzyme activity decreases and can lead to denaturation.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following factors does NOT affect enzyme activity? A) Temperature B) pH C) Concentration of reactants D) Color
D) Color
What is denaturation in the context of enzymes?
Denaturation is the process where an enzyme loses its three-dimensional structure, rendering it inactive.
True or False: Each enzyme has a specific pH range in which it is most active.
True
What does the term ‘active site’ refer to?
The active site is the region on an enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction.
Fill in the blank: Enzymes are typically _____ proteins.
globular
Multiple Choice: Which enzyme is active in the stomach and works best at a low pH? A) Amylase B) Pepsin C) Lipase D) Lactase
B) Pepsin
What is the effect of increasing substrate concentration on enzyme activity?
Increasing substrate concentration generally increases enzyme activity until a saturation point is reached.
What does ‘enzyme specificity’ mean?
Enzyme specificity refers to the ability of an enzyme to select and catalyze a specific substrate.
True or False: All enzymes function at the same pH.
False
Fill in the blank: The pH scale ranges from _____ to _____, indicating acidity to basicity.
0 to 14
What happens to an enzyme at extreme pH levels?
Extreme pH levels can lead to denaturation, causing the enzyme to lose its function.
Multiple Choice: What is the optimal pH for the enzyme amylase? A) 4.5 B) 7 C) 8 D) 9
B) 7
What is the primary function of enzymes in biological systems?
To catalyze biochemical reactions and facilitate metabolic processes.
True or False: Enzymes can function outside their optimal pH range.
True, but their activity will be significantly lower.
What are cofactors and coenzymes in relation to enzymes?
Cofactors are non-protein molecules that assist enzymes, while coenzymes are organic cofactors.
Fill in the blank: The enzyme-substrate complex is formed when an enzyme binds to its _____ .
substrate
What is the significance of enzyme kinetics?
Enzyme kinetics studies the rates of enzyme-catalyzed reactions and how they change with varying conditions.
True or False: Enzyme activity is independent of temperature and pH.
False
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a factor that can lead to enzyme inhibition? A) Competitive inhibitors B) Temperature increase C) High substrate concentration D) None of the above
A) Competitive inhibitors
