Biology2 Y9

Question 1

The process in which plants manufacture carbohydrates from raw materials by using energy from light.

Answer 1

Photosynthesis

Question 2

Green plants make the carbohydrate ———– from the raw materials —————— and water.

At the same time, ———— is made and released as a waste product.

The reaction requires ———- which is obtained by the pigment —————– trapping light from the sun.

Answer 2

Green plants make the carbohydrate glucose from the raw materials carbon dioxide and water.

At the same time, oxygen is made and released as a waste product.

The reaction requires energy which is obtained by the pigment chlorophyll trapping light from the sun.

Question 3

The raw materials required for photosynthesis…

Answer 3

Carbon Dioxide and Water.

Note: Light energy is not a substance and therefore cannot be a raw material.

Question 4

The chemical reaction in cells that uses oxygen to break down substances such as glucose to release energy is…

Answer 4

Aerobic respiration

Question 5

————— and ————— are produced as waste products in respiration.

Answer 5

Carbon dioxide and Water are produced as waste products in respiration.

Question 6

Where in the plant cells does aerobic respiration occur?

Answer 6

Mitochondria.

Question 7

A reactant or variable that stops a reaction from going faster

Answer 7

A limiting factor.

Question 8

Roots anchor a plant and absorb —– and ————-.

Answer 8

Roots anchor a plant and absorb Water and Mineral salts.

Question 9

Describe how water and mineral salts are absorbed and moved around a plant.

Answer 9

Roots have root hair cells that have a large surface area that can absorb water and minerals by diffusion.

Stems have xylem vessels made of xylem cells.

It’s a hollow tube that can transport water and dissolved mineral salts up the stem.

Question 10

———— is the process by which water leaves the leaf.

Answer 10

Transpiration.

Question 11

Explain how roots are adapted to their function.

Answer 11

1. Being branched and spread out, allowing it to get water from a large volume of soil
2. Roots have root hair cells that have a large surface area so they can quickly absorb water.

Question 12

Explain how stems are adapted to their function.

Answer 12

Stems have vessels to transport water and are adapted to this by having hollow tubes with no ends.

Question 13

Where are the xylem vessels are found?

A- Stems

B- Roots

C- Roots and Stems

Answer 13

C- Roots and Stems

Question 14

True or False: Xylem vessels are long tubes made of chains consisting of dead xylem cells.

Answer 14

True.

Question 15

The tubes made of living phloem cells that transport dissolved substances (such as sugars) around the plant are called

Answer 15

Phloem Vessels/Tissues

Question 16

How do roots get glucose for respiration?

Answer 16

Through the phloem vessels.

Question 17

What is the function of the phloem vessels?

Answer 17

They carry glucose to all parts of a plant in the form of sugars dissolved in water.

Question 18

How do roots get its:

A- Glucose

B- Oxygen

C- Water and Mineral Salts

Answer 18

A- Glucose. Through phloem vessels in the form of a sugar solution

B- Oxygen. From soil

C- Water and Mineral Salts. From soil

Question 19

How does the chemical energy stored in the glucose get released?

Answer 19

Aerobic Respiration

Question 20

How have Mangrove plants adapted to living in waterlogged areas?

Answer 20

By having special roots called pneumatophores that poke up above the surface of the water to get air.

Question 21

Why do root cells need oxygen?

Answer 21

For respiration

Question 22

A limiting factor is a variable that…

A- Speeds up the rate of respiration

B- Slows down the rate of respiration

Answer 22

B- Slows down the rate of respiration

Question 23

How do plants lose water?

Answer 23

By transpiration - when the water leaves the leaf.

Transpiration is the evaporation of water followed by diffusion through the stomata.

Question 24

Plants lose water through

A- Only evaporation

B- Only diffusion

C- Evaporation and diffusion

Answer 24

C- Evaporation and diffusion

Question 25

in aquatic plant what is the test for carbon dioxide ?

Answer 25

pH indicator such as hydrogencarbonate indicator

Question 26

in the experiment of measuring phtosynthesis what do we need to use sodium carbonate?

Answer 26

to provide extra carbon dioxide in the water

Question 27

Investigating the effect of changing light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis

Question 28

Please review graph in page 23

Question 29

why plants need water?

Answer 29

for phtosynthesis keeping leaves cool and filling up cells to keep them expanded and firm

Question 30

a tiny hole in a leaf through which gases can diffuse into and out of the leaf.

Answer 30

Stoma stomata

Question 31

in the Light intensity investigation https://quizlet.com/Biology-Creator-QA/light-intensity-investigation-plant-structures-and-their-functions-biology-gcse-91-s8lpd55

Question 32

https://quizlet.com/Biology-Creator-QA/plant-organisation-plant-structures-and-their-functions-biology-gcse-91-s8lpdig

Question 33

https://quizlet.com/Biology-Creator-QA/photosynthesis-plant-structures-and-their-functions-biology-gcse-91-s8lpcw8

Question 34

How leaves are adapted for their function?

Answer 34

1. large surface area for trapping light. 2. inside a leaf thre are different layers of tissue epidermis cells produce waxy layer ( cuticle) to stop the leaves losing too much water 3. Palisade cells are adapted to their function by containing lots of chloroplasts where phtosynthesis occurs 4. leaves have stomata shut at night and open when it is light allowing carbon dioxide enter and leave the leaf. gas exchange 5. plants lose water and oxygen through stomata

Question 35

Excess energy stored and ready for use to build cell membranes. Starch Glucose Fats Oils

Answer 35

Fats

Question 36

Used in resperation to create energy for the plant. Oil Protein Glucose Starch

Answer 36

Glucose

Question 37

Used to make proteins which are used for growth and repair. Protein Nitrogen Glucose Oil

Answer 37

Nitrogen

Question 38

is turned into lipids for storing in seeds. Sunflower plant seeds contain oil, oil is attractive to some animals for pollination. Oils Fats Glucose Protein

Answer 38

Oils

Question 39

is used for strong cell walls Oils Fats Glucose cellulose

Answer 39

cellulose

Question 40

stored in roots, stems and leaves, ready for use when photosynthesis isn't happening, like in winter.

Answer 40

Starch

Question 41

used for making enzymes and for growth and repair.

Answer 41

Protein

Question 43

describe how gas exchange happens in plants

Answer 43

Gas exchange happens in leaves the leaf has small holes called the stomata which open and closes by guard cells. it opens when there is light and close at night to allow gases in and out . carbon dioxide for example gets into the cells by diffusion which happes close to the surface of the leaf.

Question 44

describe how water is lost from a plant

Answer 44

water loss in plants happens in the leaves through a process called **_traspiration_** . traspiration is **_evaporation_** of water followed by **_diffusion_** through **_stomata_**

Question 45

explain how the features of the leaves are adaptation for photosynthesis?

Answer 45

leaves have **Palisade cells** that are adapted to their function by containing lots of chloroplasts where photosynthesis occurs. palisades are close to the surface of the leaf. gas exchange happnes in the leave through stomata. carbon dioxide which is needed for photosynthesis, are allowed in the stomata and gets into the cells by diffusion.

Question 46

How do you perform the Benedict's test?

Answer 46

1) Add Benedicts solution to the food to be tested. 2) Boil

Question 47

Which test do you use for Starch?

Answer 47

Iodine test

Question 48

How do you perform the Biuret test.

Answer 48

1) treat aqueous sample with an equal volume of 1% sodium hydroxide followed by a few drops of blue aqueous copper(II) sulphate.

Question 49

What is the positive result of the Benedict's test?

Answer 49

blue → brown.

Question 50

What is the positive result of the Iodine test?

Answer 50

brown → dark blue

Question 51

What is the positive result of the Biuret test?

Answer 51

solution turns purple

Question 52

test for sugars?

Answer 52

benedict's test

Question 53

test for starch?

Answer 53

iodine solution

Question 54

test for proteins?

Answer 54

biuret test

Question 55

test for lipids?

Answer 55

Ethanol and water

Question 56

benedicts test colour change?

Answer 56

blue to green, yellow or red

Question 57

iodine solution colour change?

Answer 57

brown/yellow to blue/black

Question 58

biuret test colour change?

Answer 58

blue to pink/purple

Question 59

Lipid change

Answer 59

Cloudy for positive, clear without

Question 60

the process by which a dormant seed begins to sprout and grow into a seedling under the right growing conditions

Answer 60

germination

Question 61

a type of insoluble carbohydrates found in plants

Answer 61

starch

Question 62

Recall the need for different resources in a seed as it germinates

Question 63

Plants are selectively bred by humans for development of many characteristics

Answer 63

selective breeding ## Footnote Selective breeding is also known as artificial selection

Question 64

needed to make amino acids

Answer 64

nitrates

Question 65

is needed to make chlorophyll

Answer 65

magnesium

Question 66

is needed to help plants absorb from the soil

Answer 66

Potassium

Question 67

Explain ways farmers use to increase food production

Answer 67

**fertilisers** - fertilisers increase the amount of key nutrients in the soil for crop plants, meaning that they can grow larger and are more healthy, which increases yields **Pesticides** - these kill insects or fungi that damage crops **herbicides** : these kill weeds – plants that compete with crops **producing new varieties of plants**: these have improved characteristics

Question 70

cross-breeding

Answer 70

different varieties are bred with each other to produce offspring thathave the characteristics of both breeds

Question 71

label the following diagram

Answer 71

Question 72

Plants that live in hot dry environment have thicker cuticles

Answer 72

To prevent uncontrolled water loss

Question 73

At night when there is no photosynthesis most plants close their stomatas . explain why

Answer 73

to reduce water loss

Question 74

plants that live in hot dry climates often have rolled-up leaves explain why

Answer 74

to reduce the surface area of evaporation

Question 75

Stomata are found… on the top side of leaves. on the bottom side of leaves. in the vegetable aisle.

Answer 75

on the bottom side of leaves.

Question 76

Xylem tubes are responsible for transporting… Sugar Water Food and water

Answer 76

Water

Question 77

Transpiration is affected by an increase in... temperature and light. temperature and air movement. temperature, light and air movement.

Answer 77

temperature, light and air movement.

Question 78

If a plant weighs 150g on day 1 and 100g on day 3, the % change in mass would be... -33.3% 25% 15%

Answer 78

-33.3%

Question 79

Where in a plant does photosynthesis occur? nucleus chloroplasts cytoplasm mitochondria

Answer 79

chloroplasts

Question 80

What are the reactants for photosynthesis? glucose + water carbon dioxide and water glucose and carbon dioxide glucose and oxygen

Answer 80

carbon dioxide and water

Question 81

Name the green pigment found in plants.

Answer 81

chlorophyll

Question 82

The correct equation for photosynthesis is…

Answer 82

carbon dioxide + water glucose + oxygen

Question 83

What type of energy is required to activate photosynthesis? kinetic thermal light potential

Answer 83

light

Question 84

A variegated leaf (similar to the one shown below) is tested for starch. What would be the expected results? All of the leaf would turn black. None of the leaf would turn black. Only the green parts of the leaf turn black. Only the white parts of the leaf turn black.

Answer 84

Only the green parts of the leaf turn black.

Question 85

The leaf has a broad surface because…

Answer 85

it has a large surface area to absorb light.

Question 86

The limiting factors of photosynthesis are…

Answer 86

light, carbon dioxide and temperature.

Question 87

The graph below shows the effect of what limiting factor on photosynthesis?

Answer 87

temperature

Question 88

The ideal conditions for photosynthesis can created in… warehouses. factories fields greenhouses

Answer 88

greenhouses.

Question 89

Name two processes that return carbon dioxide to the atmosphere

Answer 89

1. respiration 2. combustion

Question 90

Name one human activity that affects carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere

Answer 90

deforestation

Question 91

Name two ways that carbon is stored in the carbon cycle.

Answer 91

1. fossil fuels 2. as carbon dioxide dissolved in water/the ocean