Biology3 8C Breathing and respiration

Question 1

Name 3 poisonous chemicals in tobacco smoke

Answer 1

Nicotine – the addictive agent in tobacco smoke
Carbon monoxide - found in car exhaust
Tar - particulate matter in cigarette smoke

Question 2

Name 3 things about the alveoli which increase the diffusion of gases from blood to air space (or the other way around)

Answer 2

Large surface area, thin wall, good blood supply

Question 3

How do you test for carbon dioxide

Answer 3

Lime water goes cloudy when carbon dioxide is bubbled through it.

Question 4

What is emphysema?

Answer 4

A disease cased by smoking which leaves the sufferer breathless. (The alveoli have lost surface area as the folds disappear.)

Question 5

What are the alveoli?

Answer 5

Air sacs in your lungs where exchange (swapping) of oxygen and carbon dioxide happens.

Question 6

Why does your trachea have rings of cartilage?

Answer 6

To keep your airway open

Question 7

What problem does tar cause in smokers?

Answer 7

Increased risk of lung cancer

Question 8

Name the two gases exchanged at the alveoli

Answer 8

Oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 9

Why does your heart need to beat faster when you exercise?

Answer 9

The heart pumps blood around the body. The blood carries food and oxygen to cells so they can respire and release more energy.

Question 10

What is anaerobic respiration?

Answer 10

A type of respiration that does not need oxygen.

Question 11

What is a ciliated epithelial cell?

Answer 11

A special skin cell that has cilia (filament like hairs which wave like anemones!) growing on its surface. They keep the airways clean.

Question 12

How does your voice box make your voice?

Answer 12

The ligaments inside it vibrate.

Question 13

What is muscle fatigue?

Answer 13

When you have to stop exercising a muscle group because it hurts. This is caused by the build up of lactic acid.

Question 14

What is the name of the tube which takes air to the lungs?

Answer 14

The trachea

Question 15

Why is carbon dioxide a dangerous gas?

Answer 15

It stops red blood cells carrying so much oxygen and so reduces respiration/ energy release.

Question 16

What is asthma?

Answer 16

An illness where the muscles in your breathing tubes contract making it hard to breathe out.

Question 17

Name the part of the skeleton that protects your lungs.

Answer 17

Ribs

Question 18

What is oxygen debt?

Answer 18

After strenuous exercise, the body needs

extra oxygen to remove lactic acid.

Question 19

What parts of your body are used in ventilation?

Answer 19

Your ribs are lifted up and out by your intercostal muscles (This is breathing). Your diaphragm contracts and becomes flatter. This sucks air into your nose and down your trachea into your lungs. You relax and gravity brings your ribs down.

Question 20

What is mucus?

Answer 20

A sticky liquid that you may call snot!

Question 21

What problem does nicotine cause in smokers?

Answer 21

It makes smoking addictive (and raises blood pressure so also increases the risk of heart attacks)

Question 22

Where do fish exchange gases?

Answer 22

Their gills

Question 23

What is ventilation?

Answer 23

Taking air into your lungs.

Question 24

How does your pulse change when you exercise?

Answer 24

It gets faster as your heart beats faster.

Question 25

What part of the blood carries carbon dioxide?

Answer 25

The liquid part of blood called plasma (a straw yellow clear liquid)

Question 26

What part of the blood carries oxygen?

Answer 26

Red blood cells.

Question 27

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration?

Answer 27

glucose → lactic acid

Question 28

How does the shape of the alveoli increase the rate of gas exchange?

Answer 28

They are folded in on themselves which increases the surface area for gas exchange.

Question 29

How do mucous and cilia keep your lungs clean?

Answer 29

Mucus is a sticky doormat in the tubes of the breathing system which traps dirt and dust. The cilia sweeps it away.

Question 30

What is the difference between breathing and respiration?

Answer 30

Breathing means the movement of your muscles which make the lungs expand and contract. Respiration is a chemical reaction which happens in your cells.

Question 31

What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

Answer 31

Glucose (or sugar) + oxygen&raquo_space;> carbon dioxide and water

Question 32

Where do plants exchange gases?

Answer 32

Their stomata (pores on the underside of leaves)

Question 33

What is the name of the flat sheet if muscle under your lungs (used in ventilation)

Answer 33

The diaphragm.