BiologyY9

Question 1

Name some decomposers

Answer 1

maggots, protists, starfish, earthworms, nematode worm, mushroom, toadstool

Question 2

What does decay return to the soil?

Answer 2

carbon & nitrogen

Question 3

Why is decay important?

Answer 3

Recycling of nutrients in ecosystem

Question 4

The nitrogen cycle. Why is it important?

Answer 4

Nitrogen is needed to make protein. Protein is needed for growth

Question 5

Air is 80% nitrogen. What forms do organisms use nitrogen?

Answer 5

Take it from nitrates in the soil.

Question 6

What is nitrogen fixation and which organism carries this process out?

Answer 6

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria

Question 7

What are the four methods for nitrates to enter the soil?

Answer 7

1. Lightning & rain; 2. nitrogen-fixing bacteria 3. decomposers = ammonia via nitrifying bacteria 4. Artificial fertilisers

Question 8

What natural phenomenon converts nitrogen into the form organisms can use?

Answer 8

Lightning & rain

Question 9

Carbon cycle - name three things which release carbon

Answer 9

Volcanism, deforestation, agriculture, resource extraction, burning of fossil fuels. Fire, greenhouse gases, erosion.

Question 10

Carbon cycle - name three things which capture carbon

Answer 10

The ocean captures CO2; productivity & biomass (growing stuff)/photosynthesis; Soil & sedimentation;

Question 11

Water cycle - name the four stages

Answer 11

1. Evaporate 2. Condense (clouds) 3. Precipitation 4. Absorption & runoff

Question 12

Food security - what is the definition?

Answer 12

Access to safe and healthy food & all times.

Question 13

How can food security be improved?

Answer 13

Fertilisers; different breeds; more productive varieties

Question 14

What food security problems are there?

Answer 14

Rising population, climate change, warfare; biofuels and renewables on agricultural land

Question 15

Why can food security be difficult to achieve in poor countries?

Answer 15

No money to invest

Question 16

How can increasing population cause problems?

Answer 16

More mouths to feed - enough food and water????

Question 17

What is conservation?

Answer 17

prevention of wasteful use of a resource; protecting environment or biodiversity.

Question 18

Give some examples of conservation

Answer 18

Preservation; protecting species; stopping extinction; reducing population decline; excluding human use of an area for the benefit of nature; protecting habitat; rewilding; switching to renewables; reducing uses of plastic

Question 19

Give some examples of protective designations

Answer 19

SSSI - Sites of Special Scientific Interest; RAMSAR - European protected sites; National Parks; Green Belt

Question 20

Biodiversity - what is it?

Answer 20

Organisms and wildlife in an ecosystem

Question 21

Why does biodiversity matter?

Answer 21

The whole ecosystem is linked and in balance - affected as a whole by damage. Eg overfishing reduces the breeding populations and removes species from the food chain which causes other species to suffer. Fish farming = one type of species (monoculture) instead of a mixed species balance; diseases.

Question 22

Trophic levels & energy & 7 life processes. What are the 7?

Answer 22

Movement, respiration, growth, reproduction, excretion, nutrition, sensitivity

Question 23

Interdepedence of species. Give an example of mutualistic relationship

Answer 23

Tick birds eat insects/parasites on rhinos;

Question 24

Give an example of a parasitic relationship

Answer 24

Flea on cat and dog

Question 25

What does an ecosystem consist of?

Answer 25

Organisms - different forms e.g plants take in sunlight; primary & secondary consumer. Contains organisms that are adapted to living in that ecoystem. Live off each other and have multiple food chains

Question 26

What are the different levels in ecosystem?

Answer 26

1 individual plant or animal; POPULATION is all the animals in one species living together and can breed; COMMUNITY - all the organisms that live in and potentially interact in an ecosystem; ECOSYSTEM - all the animals and the environment they live in

Question 27

What might animals compete for?

Answer 27

Food, space, water, mates

Question 28

What might plants compete for?

Answer 28

Sunlight, space, water, minerals, pollinators

Question 29

Into which form do decomposers convert protein from decaying organisms?

Answer 29

Ammonium NH4

Question 30

How do nitrogen containing compounds pass from top consumers?

Answer 30

Assimilation

Question 31

Which organisms convert nitrates in the soil to nitrogen in the atmosphere?

Answer 31

Denitrifying bacteria

Question 32

What is the carbon cycle?

Answer 32

The geochemical cycle by which carbon is exchanged among the biosphere, pedosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere.

Question 33

Name five things which cause carbon release into the atmosphere?

Answer 33

volcanism, deforestation/reforestation, agriculture, burning of fossil fuels, resource extraction

Question 34

Name three geographical things which release carbon?

Answer 34

weathering, respiration, photosynthesis (terrestrial & marine)