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1.3.a Biomechanical Principles, Levers and the Use of Technology > biomechanical principles > Flashcards

biomechanical principles Flashcards

1
Q

what is force

A

a push or pull that alters the state of motion of a body

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2
Q

what is the equation and units for force

A

mass x acceleration → N

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3
Q

what is inertia

A

the resistance of a body to change its state of motion whether at rest or while moving

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4
Q

what is velocity

A

the rate of change in displacement

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5
Q

what is the equation and units for velocity

A

displacement/time → m/s

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6
Q

what is momentum

A

the quantity of motion possessed by moving a body

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7
Q

what is the equation and units for momentum

A

mass x velocity → kg/m/s

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8
Q

what is acceleration

A

the rate of change of velocity

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9
Q

what is the equation and units for acceleration

A

(final velocity - initial velocity)/time → m/s^

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10
Q

what is newton’s first law

A

“a body continues in a state of rest or uniform velocity unless acted upon be an external or unbalanced forces”

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11
Q

what is newton’s second law

A

“a body’s rate of change in momentum is proportional to the size of the force applied and acts in the same direction as the force applied”

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12
Q

what is newton’s 3rd law

A

“For every action force applied to a body there is an equal and opposite reaction force”

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13
Q

what is internal force

A

generated by the contraction of skeletal muscle

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14
Q

what is external force

A

generated from outside the body and acts upon it

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15
Q

what is a balanced net force

A

net force = 0, no change in motion

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16
Q

what is an unbalanced net force

A

net force ≠ 0, change in motion

17
Q

what are the vertical forces

A
  • weight
  • reaction forces
18
Q

what is weight

A

the gravitational pull that the earth exerts on a body

19
Q

what is the equation and units for weight

A

mass x acceleration due gravity (10) –> N

20
Q

what is reaction/reaction forces

A
  • equal and opposite force exerted by a body in response to the action force placed upon it and is measured in newtons
  • Ground reaction forces (GRF) → has an impact on performer + body
21
Q

what are the horizontal forces

A
  • friction
  • air resistance
22
Q

what is friction and what are the units

A
  • the force opposing motion of two surfaces in contact
  • contact between two opposing surfaces
  • N
23
Q

what is air resistance and what are the units

A
  • the force opposing motion travelling through air.
  • It is a form of fluid friction
  • N
24
Q

what is center of mass (CoM)

A

the point at which a body is balanced in all directions; the point from which weight appears to act.

25
Q

what is stability

A
  • the ability of a body to resist motion and remain at rest
  • or for a body to withstand a force applied and return to its original position without damage.
26
Q

what are the factors that affect stability

A
  • Mass of body
  • Height of CoM
  • Base of support
  • Line of gravity
27
Q

how does mass of body affect stability

A

greater mass, greater stability

28
Q

how does height of CoM affect stability

A

lower CoM, greater stability

29
Q

how does base of support affect stability

A

Greater size of BoS, greater stability

30
Q

how does line of gravity affect stability

A

more central LoG, greater stability

31
Q

on a free body diagram where does the arrow for weight go

A

From the CoM extending vertically downwards

32
Q

on a free body diagram where does the arrow for reaction forces (GRF) go

A

From the point of contact extending vertically upwards
- if 2 wheels there will be 2 arrows bt half the length as they both add up to make a full one

33
Q

on a free body diagram where does the arrow for friction go

A

From the point of contact usually extending horizontally in the same direction as motion

34
Q

on a free body diagram where does the arrow for air resistance go

A

From the CoM and extending horizontally against the direction of motion

35
Q

what happens if the air resistance (arrow) is larger than the friction (arrow)

A

net force is negative - slowing down/decellerating

1.3.a Biomechanical Principles, Levers and the Use of Technology (4 decks)

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