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PE Studies Term 3 > Biomechanics 1 > Flashcards

Biomechanics 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define ‘Biomechanics’

A

Study of motion & effects of forces relative to the body, applies the law of mechanics & physics to human performance.

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2
Q

List some benefits of Biomechanics

A

Improve Performance
Prevent Sports Injuries
Improved Sports Equipment
Improve Technology Development

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3
Q

Define ‘Motion’

A

Occurs when an object has changed position in space & in time, due to the application of forces.

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4
Q

List 2 types of forces & the difference in each

A

1.Internal Force = Structure of the body that interact to produce movement.
2. External Force = Result in interaction with the body & environment.

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5
Q

Give an example of both types of forces

A

Internal Force = muscles & tendons in arm/leg.
External Force = Gravity, Friction, Air Resistance, Water Resistance

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6
Q

Define ‘Linear Motion/Translation’

A

Movement along a straight-line, no rotation & body parts move in the same direction as same speed.

E.g. A cyclist whilst stopped pedaling.

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7
Q

Define ‘Rectilinear Motion’

A

Movement is linear and occurs through a straight line, this is often represented by the body as a whole or certain point of the body (the head when running).

E.g. A baseball pitch (ball is flat & in a straight line)

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8
Q

Define ‘Curvilinear motion’

A

Movement is linear but object moves through a curved trajectory, Think about the pathway of a ball during a shot on goal in netball or the flight path of long-distance ski jumper.

E.g. a ball during a shot on goal in netball

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9
Q

Define ‘Angular Motion’

A

Where all the parts of a body move through a rotational pathway, through the same angle, in the same direction and at the same time

E.g. When a gymnasts performs a giant circle on a bar

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10
Q

Define ‘General motion’

A

Combination of linear and angular motion

E.g. cyclist may move in a straight line as a result of the rotation of the legs about the hip joint

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11
Q

Explain the difference between Displacement & Distance

A

Distance Refers to how far you have travelled from your start to finish position

Displacement Measures the overall change in position of a person and is measured in magnitude and direction

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12
Q

What is the formula for Speed

A

Distance/Time

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13
Q

What is the formula for Velocity

A

Displacement/Time

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14
Q

What is the formula for Acceleration

A

Final velocity-initial velocity/Time

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15
Q

What is the formula for Average Speed

A

Total distance/Total time

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16
Q

What is the formula for Instantaneous speed

A

Distance/Time

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17
Q

Define ‘Acceleration’

A

Rate at which velocity of a body changes with respect to time

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18
Q

Positive Acceleration is acceleration increasing/decreasing

A

Increasing

19
Q

Negative Acceleration (Retardation) is acceleration increasing/decreasing

A

Decreasing

20
Q

Zero Acceleration is acceleration increasing/decreasing

A

No change in velocity

21
Q

Define ‘Uniform Acceleration’

A

When a body accelerates at a constant rate in both magnitude & direction, i.e. The acceleration is the same over time.

22
Q

Gravity causes an object to accelerate at a constant rate of what

A

9.8m/s/s

23
Q

Define ‘Angular Displacement’

A

Represents the difference in the angle between the start & end position of the body.

24
Q

Define ‘Angular Distance’

A

Represents the sum of all angles as a body moves from its start position to its end position.

25
Q

Define ‘Force’ & give the formula

A

Push, pull any interaction, that when unopposed will change the motion of an object, it is used to.

= mass x acceleration

26
Q

5 Examples of how forces work

A
  1. Get objects moving.
  2. Stop objects moving.
  3. Change the direction of a moving object.
  4. Change the speed of a moving object.
  5. Balance another force to keep an object still.
27
Q

What is the difference between Contact & Non-Contact Force

A

Contact Force is when forces that act on objects that come into direct contact with another.
Non-Contact is when those forces that act on objects without coming into direct.

28
Q

Define Newtons 1st Law

A

A body continuous in its state of rest or state of motion unless acted upon by a force” (Law of Inertia).

29
Q

Define ‘Inertia’

A

Describes the amount of resistance to a change in an objects state of motion.

30
Q

Define Newtons 2nd Law

A

“The acceleration of a body is proportional to the force applied to it & inversely proportional to the mass of the object.”

31
Q

Define ‘Newtons 3rd Law’

A

‘For every action there is an equal & opposite reaction’

32
Q

Who is responsible for the Action in the Newtons 3rd Law

A

Athlete

33
Q

Who is responsible for the Reaction in the Newtons 3rd Law

A

The opposing force/ force being exerted upon

34
Q

What does GRF stand for

A

Ground Reaction Force

35
Q

What does GRF mean

A

Force exerted by the ground on a body in contact with it

36
Q

What is the size of the force when walking

A

1.2*

37
Q

What is the size of the force when sprinting

A

3*

38
Q

What is the size of the force when jumping

A

8*

39
Q

For movement to occur there needs to be what

A

An imbalance in forces

40
Q

Give an example of Linear Motion

A
  • An ice skater gliding after they completed a movement
  • a cyclist who stops pedaling (straight line motion)
41
Q

Give an example of Rectilinear Motion

A

A basketball chest pass or baseball pitch are good examples where the ball’s path is flat and in a straight line

42
Q

Give an example of Curvilinear Motion

A

Think about the pathway of a ball during a shot on goal in netball or the flight path of long distance ski jumper

43
Q

Given an example of Angular Motion

A

When a gymnasts performs a giant circle on a bar, the entire body rotates, with the axis of rotation passing through the centre of the bar.

PE Studies Term 3 (4 decks)

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