Biomechanics

Question 1

What is Newton’s second law?

Answer 1

Acceleration

Question 2

What is Newton’s third law?

Answer 2

Action/reaction

Question 3

What is linear motion?

Answer 3

Occurs when all body parts move the same direction and distance at the same time

Question 4

What is Angular motion?

Answer 4

A rotary motion- occurs when body parts rotator in the same direction at the same time around a fixed point

Question 5

What is general motion?

Answer 5

A combination of angular motion and linear motion: the most common form of motion in sport

Question 6

What is displacement?

Answer 6

The different between the initial position and the final position of an object

Question 7

What is distance?

Answer 7

The length of a straight line joining the start and finding points

Question 8

What is velocity?

Answer 8

Describes the rate at which a body or body parts move from one point to another

Question 9

What is acceleration?

Answer 9

The rate at which velocity changed with respect to times

Question 10

How do you calculate average acceleration?

Answer 10

Final velocity-initial velocity/elapsed time

Question 11

What is the formula for force?

Answer 11

Force=mass X acceleration

Question 12

What is the formula for impulse?

Answer 12

Force X time

Question 13

What is an example of impulse?

Answer 13

The way hockey players take shorts corners. They stand in front of the ball and drag the stick on the ball for a longer arc/period of time and this increases impulse,force and speed achieved in the ball.

Question 14

Applying more force against the ground ensures more acceleration when taking off

Answer 14

Example- swimmer on diving block pushing off

Question 15

what is an example of action and reaction?

Answer 15

A) long jump landing

B) running

Question 16

What is inertia?

Answer 16

A measure of how difficult it is to move an object

Question 17

What is mass?

Answer 17

Mass is the amount of matter that makes up an object

Question 18

What is weight?

Answer 18

Weight is the force exerted by the earths gravity on an object

Question 19

What are the two important characteristics of velocity?

Answer 19

Speed and direction

Question 20

What is momentum?

Answer 20

A measure of how much motion an object has

Question 21

What are the two things that affect impulse?

Answer 21

1) Magnitude of the unbalanced force

2) length of time the force is applied

Question 22

How is acceleration effected?

Answer 22

By force.

The greatest the force used, the greater the acceleration of the object

Question 23

What sports requires acceleration?

Answer 23

Sprinting

Sprint cyclist

Question 24

What is conservation of momentum?

Answer 24

Any collision between two objects.

Example- a foot contacting the ground running

• a stick hitting a ball
• two balls colliding

Question 25

What law best explains conservation of momentum?

Answer 25

Third law- action/reaction

Question 26

What sports is conservation of momentum important?

Answer 26

Australian rules football -not uncommon to see a lighter player affect a heavier player in contact. This is because the lighter players are often lighter and therefore are able to gather more momentum, giving them an advantage at impact.

Question 27

What is elasticity?

Answer 27

More elastic surfaces result in less energy being lost in the collision because they rebound to their original position more quickly. Example-

Question 28

What is Newton's first law of motion?

Answer 28

The law of inertia

Question 29

What are the two movements in linear motion?

Answer 29

Rectilinear and curvilinear

Question 30

What is rectilinear?

Answer 30

Movements in a straight line

Question 31

What is curvilinear?

Answer 31

When linear movements follow a curved path

Question 32

What is axis are there?

Answer 32

External and internal

Question 33

What is an external axis?

Answer 33

When body parts rotate around a point that occurs outside the body

Question 34

What is internal axis?

Answer 34

Internal axes of rotation tend to be joints around which rotational movements occur.

Question 35

What is an example of an internal axis?

Answer 35

A bicep curl. when you flex/contract the bicep during the upward phase, your arm and wrist are both rotating around a fixed point (elbow joint)

Question 36

Internally, what generates force?

Answer 36

Force is produced by the contraction of muscle

Question 37

Externally, what is force generated by?

Answer 37

The effects of gravity, friction, water and air generate force of an object

Question 38

How do you alter an objects motion?

Answer 38

By applying an unbalanced force to overcome inertia.

Question 39

Example of inertia

Answer 39

Beach volleyball- when a player spikes the ball

Question 40

What is velocity measured in?

Answer 40

M/s

Question 41

Example of velocity

Answer 41

When a ball is moving upward and travelling by 5m per second , this has a velocity of 5 meters per second in an upwards direction

Question 42

Mass X velocity is what formula?

Answer 42

Momentum

Question 43

What is impulse?

Answer 43

A change in momentum

Question 44

Example of impulse

Answer 44

In Rowing, the can only physically be in the water for a certain length of time during each stroke; therefore, the rower must exert greater form with her legs and upper body to increase impulse.

Question 45

How is the acceleration affected?

Answer 45

By the force By the mass of object

Question 46

Is there change in velocity at maximum speed?

Answer 46

No, and they slow down at the end of the race- de acceleration

Question 47

Example of summation of momentum

Answer 47

A cricket bowl- sequential movement of boy parts that brings about coordinated, accurate and potentially rapid movements

Question 48

What are the two principles that apply to running, jumping and throwing- creating optimal force and speed?

Answer 48

To use all the joints To use the joints in order

Question 49

Example of sequential movement

Answer 49

Shotput

Question 50

Why is using every joint in order important?

Answer 50

From big to small muscle groups- As one muscle group deaccelerates, another muscle group accelerates, in a sequential form.. This timing allows the athlete to attain maximal release velocity. Ensures most efficient and rapid movements.

Question 51

What is an example of accuracy?

Answer 51

Shooting a goal in netball

Question 52

What is the key performance for accuracy?

Answer 52

The direction is which force is applied- optimising the direction

Question 53

How do you increase accuracy?

Answer 53

'Flattening the arc'- the player moves their body parts in such a way that the bat or hand movies in a straight line at the point of release - following through

Question 54

What increases stability?

Answer 54

A large base of support

Question 55

What is balance ?

Answer 55

Balance refers to the ability of a body or an object to maintain stability or equilibrium when stationary or moving.

Question 56

What effects your balance?

Answer 56

The surface you are standing on The position of your body Whether or not you are moving your body

Question 57

What is an example of balance?

Answer 57

When a gymnast performing a routine of a balance beam

Question 58

What Is stability?

Answer 58

Stability refers to the ability of a body to resist being moved

Question 59

Example of stability?

Answer 59

Archery or shooting

Question 60

Examples of static balance

Answer 60

Shooting and archery

Question 61

Example of dynamic balance

Answer 61

Dodging a player in netball