biomechanics Flashcards
Components of the skeletal system
Bones
Ligaments
Tendons
Muscles
Difference between bone and cartilage
Bone has more blood supply
Bone heals faster
Cartilage does not have its own blood supply
Endochondral ossification
creating bone from cartilage templates (like your skull as a baby)
Occurs in long bones
Lever classes
Class 1: F between P and W
Class 2: W between F and P
Class 3: P between F and W
Most our body is class 3
Muscle shapes
Quadrate: square Rhomboidal: 4 sides no right angles Fusiform: spindle shaped Trapezium: 4 sides, no right angles or parallel sides Triangular: 3 sides
Muscle attachment
Origin: fixed end, stationary, proximal
Insertion: mobile, distal
Bone cells and their functions
Osteoblasts: bone makers
Osteoclasts: bone eaters
Osteocytes: living bone
Basic Bone Shapes
Long (femur)
Flatbone (parietal)
Irregular (sphenoid)
Short (carpal)
Osteoarthritis vs rheumatoid
Osteo: long term wear of cartilage
Rheumatoid: immune system attacks connective tissue
Hip joint important players
Femur and pelvic bones Capsular ligament Ligament of head of femur Hamstring Hip external rotators and abductors
Knee joint
Femur and tibia ACL, PCL, MCL, LCL quads Hamstrings Gastrocnemius
Roles of muscle action
Agonist: muscle that accomplishes a movement
Antagonist: muscle working in opposite of agonist
Synergistic: group of muscles working together
Fixator: hold one bone in place while a distal bone moves
Prime mover: plays the major role in movement
Muscle Naming criteria
location size shape orientation origin and insertion number of heads function
Whole body position
prone: facing down, laying on ones stomach
Supine: lying up, on ones back
Anatomical planes
Sagittal: down the center of the body (left and right)
Transverse: Cuts top and bottom (superior and inferior)
Frontal: cuts front and back (anterior and posterior)
