Biomechanics

Question 1

Define velocity

Answer 1

The rate of change in displacement

Question 2

Velocity equation

Answer 2

Velocity (m/s) = displacement (m)/ time taken (s)

Question 3

Define Momentum

Answer 3

The quantity of motion possessed by a moving body

Question 4

Momentum equation

Answer 4

Momentum (kgm/s) = mass (kg) x velocity (m/s)

Question 5

Define Acceleration

Answer 5

The rate of change of velocity

Question 6

Acceleration equation

Answer 6

Acceleration (m/s^2) = Final velocity (m/s) - initial velocity / time take (s)

Question 7

Define Force

Answer 7

A push or pull that alters the state of motion of a body.

Question 8

Force equation

Answer 8

Force (N) = Mass x Acceleration (F=Ma)

Question 9

Define netforce

Answer 9

The overall force acting on
a body when all individual
forces have been considered.

Question 10

Define Reaction

Answer 10

Whenever there is a point of contact between two bodies, there will always be a reactionary force.

Question 11

Define Weight

Answer 11

Gravitational force that the Earth exacts on the body (Downwards).

Question 12

Define Friction

Answer 12

The force that opposes the motion of two surfaces in contact.

Question 13

Define Centre Of Mass

Answer 13

The point where the mass of the body tends to be concentrated and balanced in all directions

Question 14

Newtons 3 laws of motion

Answer 14

N1L - Law of inertia = A body remain in a state of uniform velocity or rest, unless acted upon by an external force.

N2L - Law of acceleration = When a force acts on an object, the rate of change of momentum experienced by the object is proportional to the size of the force and takes place in the direction in which the force acts

N3L - Law of reaction = Whenever an object exerts force on another, there is a force equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, caused by the second object.

Question 15

Define Fulcrum

Answer 15

Fixed point of rotation about which the lever moves

Question 16

Define Load

Answer 16

The resistance or weight to be moved. The weight of a human body part to be moved is the load

Question 17

Define Effort

Answer 17

The force being applied that causes the lever to move. The agonist muscle in the human body

Question 18

Define load arm

Answer 18

The perpendicular distance from the fulcrum to the load.

Question 19

Define effort arm

Answer 19

The perpendicular distance from the fulcrum to the effort.

Question 20

Linear motion

Answer 20

Linear motion is movement of a body in a straight or curved line, where all parts move the same distance, in the same direction, over the same time’.

Question 21

5 descriptors of linear motion

Answer 21

1) Distance = The total length of the path/ route covered from start to finish
2) Displacement = The shortest straight-line route from start to finish
3) Speed = the rate of change in distance (Distance/Time)
4) Velocity The rate of change in displacement.
5) Acceleration = The rate of change in velocity

Question 22

Define angular motion

Answer 22

the movement of a body or part of a body in a circular path about an axis of rotation’.

Question 23

3 descriptors of angular motion

Answer 23

angular velocity
moment of inertia
angular momentum

Question 24

Define angular velocity

Answer 24

is the rate of change in angular displacement OR

the rate of rotation.

Question 25

Define moment of inertia

Answer 25

is the resistance of a body to change its state of angular motion or rotation.

Question 26

Define angular momentum

Answer 26

the quantity of angular motion possessed by a body

Question 27

Angular motion unit

Answer 27

rad (radians)

Question 28

Moment of inertia equation

Answer 28

MI = ∑m x r2

Question 29

Analogue law

Answer 29

A rotating body will continue to turn about its axis of rotation with constant angular momentum unless acted upon by an eccentric force or external torque

Question 30

Projectile motion

Answer 30

The movement of a body through the air following a curved flight path under the force of gravity

Question 31

Key factors of projectile motion

Answer 31

1) Speed of release 2) Angle of release 3) Height of release 4) Aerodynamics

Question 32

Dominant force of a non-parabolic flight path

Answer 32

air resistance

Question 33

Dominant force of a parabolic flight path

Answer 33

weight

Question 34

Define a lift force

Answer 34

An additional force created by a pressure gradient forming on opposing surfaces of an aerofoil moving through a fluid or the air

Question 35

Inverted aerofoil in F1 created by?

Answer 35

Spoiler bar - acts as an INVERTED AEROFOIL, decreasing air velocity over the car. Front Wing - funnels air underneath car, allowing it to travel at high velocity.

Question 36

What happens when the magnus effect takes place

Answer 36

As velocity is greater on the opposite side, pressure is lower. The resulting magnus effect will be the projectile moving in the direction of the pressure gradient.

Question 37

Types of spin

Answer 37

top spin back spin side spin - hook or slice

Question 38

top spin

Answer 38

causes ball to dip/ comes down more quickly/ shorter flight path

Question 39

back spin

Answer 39

causes ball to float/ travel further/ longer flight path

Question 40

side spin

Answer 40

causes ball to swerve/ bend/ deviate to left or right/ hook/ slice