Biomechanics Final Flashcards
(159 cards)
What are the three points in space that determine plane?
- sagittal
- frontal (coronal)
- transverse (axial)
What is a flat surface determined by the position of three points in space?
Plane
What type of motion is motion in which all points of a rigid body move parallel to a fixed plane (two dimensional movement)?
Plane motion
Which motions are occurring in the sagittal plane?
- flexion
- extension
Which motions are occurring in the frontal (coronal) plane?
- right lateral flexion
- left lateral flexion
Which motion is occurring in the transverse (axial) plane?
-rotation
Which type of motion is motion in which all points of a rigid body do not move in a single plane (3 dimensional movement)
Out of plane motion
What is a line around which rotary movement takes place or along which translation occurs?
Axis
Which direction would a line run if it were in the X-axis?
a line passing horizontally from side to side
The X-axis is referred to as the “_______” or “_______” axis.
“frontal” or “coronal”
Movement around the X-axis is in which plane?
the sagittal plane
The Y-axis is a line that runs…
perpendicular to the ground
The Y-axis is referred to as the “_______” or “________” axis.
“longitudinal” or “vertical”
Movement around the Y-axis is in the…
transverse or axial plane
The Z-axis is a line passing…..
horizontally back to front
The Z-axis is referred to as the “______” axis
“sagittal”
Movement around the Z-axis is in the….
frontal or coronal plane
What are the number of ways in which a body can move (for example: one degree of freedom would be translation or rotation about one axis) termed?
Degrees of freedom
Spinal segments exhibit 6 degrees of freedom, those six degrees of freedom are what?
- 3 translations
- 3 rotations
When a rigid body moves in a plane, at every instant there is a point in the body or some hypothetical extension of it that does not move; what term is being described?
Instantaneous Axis of Rotation (IAR)
An axis perpendicular to the plane of motion and passing through that point is the what for that motion, at that instant?
instantaneous axis (center) of rotation (IAR)
Which term is used to describe any vertebral motion in a two dimensional plane?
IAR
As different force vectors are applied to a vertebra, they may cause a shift in the IAR which will dictate what for that motion segment?
the pattern of deformation
T/F: The IAR is different for cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spinal segments but remains the same under changing loads.
FALSE!!! The IAR is different for cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spinal segments and is different under changing loads