Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Sport Science Y1S1 > Biomechanics + Kinesiology > Flashcards

Biomechanics + Kinesiology Flashcards

(60 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What do the terms kinematic and kinetics refer not?

A

Kinematics = motion of bodies without considering the forces that caused the motion

Kinetics = relationship between motion and its causes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does translation and rotation mean?

A

Translation = a motion that moves all points of a body in a straight line, the same direction

Rotation = change in orientation of a body or segment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define scalar, vector + magnitude

A

Scaler = magnitude (single number) e.g. distance, speed, time

Vector = magnitude + direction e.g. displacement, velocity, acceleration

Magnitude = Pythagoras theorem (square root of x2+y2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the equation for velocity and acceleration?

A

Velocity = displacement / change in time

Acceleration = change in velocity / change in time
- gravity is always -9.81 m/s2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What do the letters in SUVAT stand for?

A

S = displacement
U = initial velocity
V = final velocity
A = acceleration
T = time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 4 key SUVAT equations?

A

S = ut + 1/2at2
S = 1/2 (u+v)t
V = u + at
V2 = u2 + 2a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does inertia mean?

A

Reluctance of a body to change its state of motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the equation for linear momentum?

A

Linear momentum (kg ms-1) = mass x velocity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is force?

A

The pushing or pulling action that an object exerts on another
- a force of 1N is the force that will produce an acceleration of 1 ms-2 in a 1kg mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the internal and external forces causing translational movement?

A

Internal - muscle forces, joint forces

External - gravity, ground, air drag

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Explain Newtons First Law

A

An object remains at rest or continues to move with a constant momentum unless acted upon by a net force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Explain Newtons Second Law

A

Rate of change of momentum of a body is proportional to the force causing it and the change takes place in the direction in which the force acts
- F = ma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Explain Newtons Third Law

A

Every action force has an equal and opposite reaction force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the equation linking to friction?

A

Ff = uN

Ff = limiting friction force
u = coefficient of friction
N = normal reaction force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does centre of mass mean and the effects of…
- push through CoM
- Push outside CoM

A

CoM = conceptual point where all mass of a body can be considered to be concentrated

  • push through CoM = only linear movement
  • push outside CoM = rotational movement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the centre of gravity of a body?

A

Talking about weight rather than mass
- distribution of weight is equal in all directions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How can CoG/ CoM be found for…
- geometric shapes
- rigid bodies

A
  1. Geometric shapes = calculated as we know distribution of all points making it up
  2. Rigid bodies = balance or knife edge method can be used
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does equilibrium mean?

A

A balanced set of forces and moments resulting in no acceleration of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

When a system is in equilibrium…. [2]

A
  • sum of forces on body are 0
  • sum of moments about a point are 0
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does moment/ torque mean and what is the equation?

A

Moment / torque is the product of a force and the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the pivot joint

Moment (Nm) = force (N) x perpendicular distance (m)

Torque = moment of inertia x angular acceleration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What 2 pieces of equipment can be used to determine CoG?

A
  1. Statograph = a device for finding CoG by summing moments about one axis
  2. Reaction board = by summing moments about two axis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What does balance and stability mean?

A

Balance = ability to control equilibrium (state of 0 acceleration)
- CoG over base of support

Stability = tendency of a body to remain in or return to its initial position following application of a force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What does passive stability depend on?

A
  • weight
  • area of a base
  • horizontal distance from CoG to pivot point
  • height of CoG above base of support
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the 3 kinds of equilibrium?

A

Stable equilibrium

Unstable equilibrium

Neutral equilibrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Explain stable equilibrium
Potential energy is at a minimum Work must be done to change Tendency to turn to original posture
26
Explain unstable equilibrium
Potential energy at it near a maximum Very little if any work must be done to change Small movement takes the gravity line outside the base
27
Explain neutral equilibrium
Object moves but no change in potential energy Base of support is small, but doesn’t matter
28
List some modifiable factors to increase stability
- keeping CoG over base of support - lowering CoG - increase mass - extend base of support towards oncoming force - shift CoG towards oncoming force
29
What are some common reflex balance mechanisms?
- ankle strategy - hip strategy - stepping response - arm circle
30
How is impulse calculated?
Impulse = force x time BUT As Force = mass x acceleration It is also = m (v-u) / t So Ft = mv - mu (Impulse is change in momentum)
31
How is the area of a trapezium calculated - IMPULSE GRAPHS?
(H1 + H2) / 2 Where H = height
32
What are the effects on momentum and velocity when impulse is 0?
If +ive impulse = -ive impulse - change in momentum = 0 - change in velocity = 0
33
What are the effects on momentum and velocity when impulse is positive?
If +ive impulse > -ive impulse - change in momentum > 0 - change in velocity > 0
34
What is energy?
Quantitative property that must be transferred to a body or physical system to perform work on a body - one joule is the energy required to accelerate 1kg of mass at 1m/s2 through a distance of 1m
35
What are the 2 subcategories of mechanical energy?
Potential energy Kinetic energy
36
What is potential energy?
The energy that a body possesses due to its position relative to the earths surface PE = mass x gravity x height
37
What is kinetic energy?
The energy that a body possesses due to its movement KE = 1/2 mass x velocity2
38
What is projectile motion?
How a point or body moves when airborne
39
Describe a parabola flight path
- the lines (time intervals) are the same distance apart horizontally - but the vertical lines become closer due to gravity speeding the body up
40
What are the factors affecting projectile range?
1. Release speed 2. Release angle - 45 degrees is optimal angle if landing height is same as release height 3. Release height
41
What is tangential release?
If a body is moving in a circle and is released, the release angle equals the tangent to the circle
42
What is angular displacement + what is it measured in?
It is the change in angular position - degrees (360) - revolutions (1 rev) - radians (2 pi)
43
What’s the conversion between… 1. Degrees to revs 2. Degrees to radians
1. Divide by 360 2. Divide by 360 and then x by 2pi
44
What is angular velocity and what is it measured in?
Angular displacement / change in time - degrees per second - revolutions per second - radians per second
45
What is angular acceleration + what is it measured in?
Change in angular velocity/ change in time - degrees per second (squared) - revolutions per second (squared) - radians per second (squared)
46
What is circular motion + how is it calculated?
Com rotates at a constant distance from a fixed axis of rotation Angle = arc of segment / radius of circle Therefore… Arc of segment = radius of circle x angle
47
How is tangential velocity calculated?
Linear velocity = radius x angular velocity
48
How is tangential acceleration calculated?
Radius x angular acceleration
49
How is radial acceleration calculated?
Radial velocity = 0 Radial acceleration = 1. Tangential velocity2 / radius 2. Angular Velocity2 x radius
50
We know that F = ma, however what is the other equation with the new equation for radial acceleration?
Force = mass x (v2 / r)
51
What’s the difference between linear and angular motion?
Linear = a body will remain at rest or continue in a state of constant linear motion unless it is acted upon by an external force Angular = a body will remain at rest or continue in a state of constant angular motion unless it is acted upon by an external torque
52
What is angular momentum + how is it calculated? How is linear momentum calculated?
The measure of the quantity of rotation = moment of inertia x angular velocity Linear momentum = mass x velocity
53
What is moment of inertia? How is it calculated for a point mass and a real mass?
It is the rotational equivalent to mass - the resistance of a body to change its state of angular motion Point mass = mass x distance2 Real mass = sum of (mass x distance2)
54
Is angular momentum constant in flight?
YES Inertia (straight) x angular velocity (straight) = inertia (tucked) x angular velocity (tucked)
55
How can angular momentum be referenced to Newton’s second law?
The rate of change of angular momentum of a body is proportional to the torque causing it and takes place only in the direction in which the torque acts
56
How is torque calculated (rotational)?
Torque = moment of inertia x angular acceleration OR Force x distance
57
How is rotational energy calculated?
Rotational energy = 1/2 angular momentum x angular velocity
58
How is the release window for timing of release calculated?
T1 - T0 T1 = last time you can release successfully T0 = first time can release successfully - the greater the window, the easier the release to time is
59
How can a twist be produced?
Uses newtons 3rd law = for every action force there is an equal and opposite reaction force Contact twist - in contact with the floor so when you push off, you spin in opposite direction Aerial twist - the use of folding + hula motion can initiate twist after takeoff
60
How can tilt be produced?
By using asymmetrical limbs… - bringing one arm down midair = tilt in opposite direction (towards that arm) - also therefore used to correct instability (motor control)

Sport Science Y1S1 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions