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Biomechanics Knee Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

What type of joint is the knee?

A

Modified ginglymus joint (Hinge joint)

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2
Q

What bones are involved in the knee?

A

Femer, Tibia, and Patella

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3
Q

How many joints are involved at the knee

A

2
Tibiofemoral
Patellofemoral

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4
Q

What is the Q-angle?

A

(Alignement at the patellofemoral joint)

ASIS to midpoint of the patella and a line to the tibial tuberosity

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5
Q

What does a smaller Q-angle do?

A

May increase medial knee pressure

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6
Q

What does a larger Q-angle do?

A

May increase lateral knee pressure

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7
Q

What’s a normal Q-angle?

A

185-190 degrees

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8
Q

What is Genu Valgum?

A

Knees coming in.

Normally 5-10 degrees

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9
Q

What is excessive genu valgum?

A

190 degrees

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10
Q

What side of the knee can genu valgum increase compression?

A

Lateral Side

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11
Q

Whats genu varum?

A

(Bow legged)

Knee angle less than 170 degrees

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12
Q

What side of the knee has an increased compression force in genu varum?

A

Medial side

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13
Q

What is genu recurvatum?

A

Extension beyond 10 degrees from neutral

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14
Q

What are some functions of the tibiofibular joint?

A

Dissipation of torsional stresses applied at the ankle
dissipation of lateral tibial bending movements
tensile weight bearing

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15
Q

What type of joint is the tibiofemoral joint?

A

Double condyloid synovial joint

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16
Q

How many degrees of freedom does the tibiofemoral joint have?

A

3

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17
Q

What causes lateral tracking of the patella?

A

increased forces of ITB
Bowstringing
Lateral patellar retinacular fibers

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18
Q

What causes medial tracking of the patella?

A

VMO
Raised lateral facet
Medial patellar retinacular fibers

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19
Q

What would an external force on the knee create and what effects will it have on the knee and patella tracking?

A

(Valgus force)
ER of femur
IR of tibia
Create increased tension at QT and PT, increase bowstringing
Will increase the lateral displacement of patella

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20
Q

Where does the ACL run?

A

Anterior tibia to posterior, lateral femoral condyle

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21
Q

What’s the ACL’s function?

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A

Most effective in extension
resists excessive tibial anterior slide/translation
resists excessive femoral posterior slide/translation
resists excessive axial rotation, varus and valgus forces

22
Q

What can cause injuries to the ACL?

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A

Large valgus force with foot planted
Large axial rotation force applied while foot is planted
Combination of the two
Severe hyperextension

23
Q

Where does the PCL run?

Study These Flashcards
A

Posterior tibia and runs in a proximal, medial, and anterior direction attaching the medial femoral condyle

24
Q

What is the function of the PCL?

Study These Flashcards
A

Most effective in flexion
resists excessive tibial posterior slide/translation
resists excessive femoral anterior slide/translation
resists excessive axial rotation, varus and valgus forces

25
What causes injuries to the PCL
Falling on fully flexed knee w/ proximal tibia striking first Force posterior translation of tibia Worse with increasing flexion Rotation, varus, and/or valgus force applied with foot planted severe hyperextension with gapping to posterior side
26
Where does the MCL run?
Attach proximally to the medial femoral epicondyle and distally at the shaft of the tibia and tibial condyle
27
Which portion of the MCL attaches to the medial meniscus?
Deep portion
28
What is the function of the MCL?
Resist valgus force resist knee extension reinforce medial capsule prevents ER of the leg (with knee extended)
29
How do you injure the MCL?
Valgus producing forces with foot planted | Severe hyperextension
30
Where does the LCL run?
lateral epicondyle of femur to head of fibula
31
What is the function of the LCL?
``` resist varus forces resists knee extension prevent ER of the leg (with the knee extended) reinforce lateral capsule reinforce posterior-lateral capsule ```
32
How do you injure the LCL?
varus producing force with foot planted | severe hyperextension
33
How is the anterior portion of the knee capsule reinforced?
Connective tissue:Patellar tendon Patellar retinacular fibers Muscular-Tendinous: Quadriceps
34
How is the lateral portion of the knee capsule reinforced?
Connective tissue LCL, lateral retinaculum, IT band Muscular-tendinous Biceps femoris, popliteus, gastrocnemius
35
How is the posterior portion of the knee capsule reinforced?
Connective tissue Oblique popliteal ligament, arcuate complex Muscular-tendious gastrocnemius, hamstrings
36
How is the posterior-lateral portion of the knee capsule reinforced?
Connective tissue Arcuate complex, LCL Muscular-tendinous popliteus
37
How is the medial portion of the knee capsule reinforced?
Connective tissue retinaculum, MCL, posterior-medial capsule, posterior oblique Muscular-tendinous pes anserine
38
What are the meniscus?
Fibrocartilaginous discs | located directly between the femoral condyles and the tibial plateau
39
What's the function of the meniscus?
deepen surface of the tibia makes a concavity atop the tibial plateau shock absorbers
40
Which meniscus is bigger?
Medial | Medial tibial plateau is bigger
41
What attaches to the medial meniscus?
MCL | Semimembranosis (posteriorly)
42
Which meniscus has more mobility?
Lateral meniscus
43
What attaches to the lateral meniscus?
Popliteus (posteriorly)
44
Which meniscus abosorbs more stress?
Lateral 70% of load
45
Which way does the menisci move during knee extension/flexion?
Extension: Moves anteriorly with the tibia Flexion: Menisci moves posteriorly with the tibia
46
What causes meniscal injury?
Axial rotation, valgus force most common mechanisms 50% of ACL tears involve meniscus Correlates with early onset osteoarthritis
47
Where's the infrapatellar fat pad and what does it do?
Between the patellar tendon and the tibia Very sensitive helps reduce friction in the knee
48
Name the knee extensors
Quadriceps | Articularis genu
49
Name the knee flexors
``` Hamstrings Sartorius Gracilis Popliteus Gastrocnemius Plantaris ```
50
What makes up the pez anserine?
Sartorius Gracilis Semitendinosis
51
What is active insufficiency?
Extreme shortened muscle results in decreased motor recruitment (hip is extended, and knee is fully flexed, hamstring is shortened)
52
What is Passive insufficiency?
Tightened/lengthened muscle causes decreased muscle contraction (Hip is flexed, knee is extended, Hamstring fully lengthened)

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