Biomechanics lecture 3 Flashcards
1
Q
Cervical thoracic junction
A
Is a point where pressure is added when the horses carries the rider
2
Q
Thoracic vertebrae
A
- Rigid and inflexible
- 18 ribs attached with synovial joints
- Spinous processes
- Spinal cord
3
Q
Kissing spines
A
Spines rub against each other which causes arthritis, often in t12-t16
4
Q
Lumbar vertebrae
A
- Transverse processes give space for muscle attachment -> stability and strength
- No support from ribs or pelvis
5
Q
Lumbar-sacral joint
A
-Hinge joint
-Binds pelvis
-Allows the pelvis to tilt
-After neck and tail most flexible point in spine
-
6
Q
Back motion
A
- Flexion-extension
- Axial ration
- Lateral bending
7
Q
Walk
A
- No suspension
- Back motion primarily bending
- Little flexion- extension
- Good to build topline
8
Q
Trot
A
- Suspension phases
- Whole horse up and down
- Flex during suspension and extension during stance
- Muscles work to limit and stabilise horse back
- Trot is good for training abdominal muscles
9
Q
Canter
A
- Flex lumbosacral joint
- Thoracic sling muscles support forehand
- Most flexion- extension
10
Q
Goal
A
Increase ability to stabilise its back
11
Q
Effects of adding weight
A
- Back extension increases in all gaits
- Range of motion of the back remains similar, but more extension
- Spine and ligaments most important in weight bearing
- Strong core muscles enhance weight bearing
- Engagement hind limb supports back
- Lowering head and neck supports back
12
Q
Engaged hind limbs helps
A
-Ventral muscles below spine and in front of hip
13
Q
Core muscles
A
- Thoracic sling muscles
- Abdominal muscles
- Pelvic stabiliser muscles
- Deep vertebral muscles
14
Q
Lowering head and neck
A
Gaps between neighbouring vertebra maximised
15
Q
Stability exercises
A
Dynamic mobilazation -> baited stretches
