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Psyc Stats > Biomechanics midterm > Flashcards

Biomechanics midterm Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

what is the study of systems in constant motion?

A

statistics

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2
Q

what is the study of systems subject to acceleration?

A

dynamics

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3
Q

what is the study of the appearance or description of motion?

A

kinematics

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4
Q

what is the study of the actions of forces?

A

kinetics

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5
Q

what movements occur in the sagittal plane?

A

flexion, extension, hyperextension, dorsiflexion, plantar flexion

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6
Q

what are the 3 reference planes of movement?

A

sagital
frontal
transverse

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7
Q

what is angular motion?

A

rotation around an axis

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8
Q

what is linear motion?

A

motion along a line

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9
Q

what is the cartesian coordinate system?

A

x,y,z coordinates

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10
Q

what is the actual distance travel called?

A

distance

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11
Q

what is the distance measured in a straight line from start to finish called?

A

displacement

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12
Q

what is the rate of change in location?

A

velocity

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13
Q

what is velocity’s equation?

A

velocity = Displacement/Time

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14
Q

what is the rate of change in linear velocity?

A

acceleration

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15
Q

what is accelerations equation?

A

Acceleration = Change in Velocity/Time

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16
Q

what 3 factors affect shot-put distance?

A

projection angle
projection speed
relative projection height

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17
Q

what is the law that says a body will maintain a state of rest or constant velocity unless acted on by an external force that changes the state

A

law of inertia

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18
Q

what is the law where a force applied to a body causes acceleration of that body

A

law of acceleration

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19
Q

what is the law of reaction?

A

for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction

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20
Q

what is friction?

A

force acting over the area of contact between two surfaces

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21
Q

what is the quantity of motion possessed by a body

A

momentum

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22
Q

what is the product of a force and the time interval over which the force acts; causes momentum

A

impulse

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23
Q

what is elastic impact?

A

the velocity of the system is conserved

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24
Q

what is plastic impact?

Study These Flashcards
A

there is a total loss of system velocity

25
how does height affect PE
increasing height will increase PE
26
how does velocity affect kinetic energy
increasing height will increase KE???
27
what is a radian?
size of an angle subtended at the center of a circle by an arc equal in length to the radius of the cirlce
28
What happens to linear velocity as the radius of an angular movement is increased?
The greater the radius between a given point on a rotating body and the axis of rotation, the greater the linear distance traveled by that point during an angular motion.
29
what is the moment of inertia?
inertial property for rotating bodies* represents resistance to angular acceleration based on both mass and the distance the mass is distributed from the axis of rotation
30
what is the distance from the axis of rotation to a point where the body's mass could be concentrated without altering its rotational characteristics
radius of gyration
31
what is the principal of angular conservation of momentum
total angular momentum of a given system remains constant in the absence of external torques
32
what is the law of angular intertia
a rotating body will maintain a state of rest of constant rotational motion unless acted on by an external torque that changes the state
33
Linear kinematic quantities
mass (m) force (F) momentum (M=mv) impulse (Ft)
34
Angular kinematic quantities
moment of inertia torque (T=Fd) angular momentum angular impulse
35
for every angular action, there is an equal and opposite angular reaction
angular law of reaction
36
when one body exerts a torque on a second, the second body exerts a reaction torque that is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction on the first body
angular law of reaction
37
what is the scapulohumoral rhythm?
a regular pattern of scapular rotation that accompanies and facilitates humeral abduction
38
name the muscles that contribute to flexion at the glenohumeral joint
anterior deltoid clavicular pectoralis major assisted by: coracobrachialis, short head of biceps brachii
39
name the muscles that contribute to extension at the glenohumeral joint
sternal pectoralis major latissimus dorsi teres major assisted by: long head of triceps brachii
40
what is the difference between velocity and acceleration
Velocity is the rate of displacement and acceleration is the change in velocity
41
how could you cheat in weight training
using momentum: for example, you can throw your hips forward and back to increase ability to bicep curl heavier weights
42
what is the relative projection height?
difference between projection height and landing height
43
why does a diver tuck?
It will increase the rate at which they rotate. When they open back up it slows it down. When angular momentum is conserved, there is a tradeoff between moment of inertia and angular velocity. (Tuck position = small I, large ) (Extended position = large I, small )
44
what is the primary purpose of the antagonist muscles?
opposes/reverses movement regulation of contraction | help to protect the joint
45
what is gait
single sequence of functions by one limb
46
describe center of mass
midway between the hips
47
define stride length
foot to same foot
48
define step length
points of heel contact of the opposite foot
49
6 key variables in gait analysis
``` pelvic rotation pelvic tilt knee flexion ankle mechanism foot mechanism lateral displacement of body ```
50
what is the psoas paradox
putting tension on the outside ligament normally flexes the spine but under 2 circumstances: hip flexion against a heavy resistance and inadequate strength of the spinal flexors the psoas will extend the spine
51
what is a cadence
normal pace: 100-115 steps per minute
52
1 newton = ...
250 dynamic pounds
53
torque
rotation around a joint
54
factors affecting muscular force generation
isometric contraction | as load increases, concentric contraction velocity slows to 0 at isometric maximum
55
how do we measure muscular strength
the component of muscle force that produces torque at the joint is directed perpendicular to the attached bone
56
what factors affect muscular strength
tension-generating capability of the muscle tissue, movement arms of the muscles crossing the joint
57
what is muscular power?
product of muscular force and the velocity of muscle shortening
58
what is muscular endurance?
ability of muscle to exert tension over a period of time
59
what is the effect of muscle temperature (warm up)?
the speeds of nerve and muscle function increase

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