biomechanics of ankle and foot

Question 1

dorsiflexion and plantarflexion; eversion and inversion degrees

Answer 1

20 df

50 pf

35 inversion

15 eversion

Question 2

Talocrural joint is between which segments

Answer 2

Leg and rear foot

Question 3

Transverse tarsal joint is between

Answer 3

rear foot and mid foot

Question 4

Tarso metatarsal joints are between

Answer 4

Mid foot and forefoot

Question 5

Rear foot includes

Answer 5

Talus calcaneus
Subtalar joint

Question 6

mid foot includes

Answer 6

navicular, cuboid, cuneiforms

Transverse arch

Medial longitudinal arch

Question 7

forefoot

Answer 7

metatarsals phalanges

Question 8

proximal tibiofibular joint

Answer 8

Planar synovial joint with capsule

tibia convex fibula concave

Accommodates motion occurring at ankle

motion- Superior/inferior glide and AP oblique glide

Question 9

Tibiofibular joint during ankle dorsiflexion

Answer 9

Fibula laterally rotates and moves superior posterior

Question 10

tibiofibular joint during knee flexion and extension

Answer 10

Flexion- anterior glide
Extension - posterior glide

Question 11

distal tibiofibula joint

Answer 11

fibrous syndesmosis

Concave tibia , convex fibula

Maintain a stable ankle mortise

Question 12

Talocrural joint

Answer 12

synovial
Modified sellar or hinge joint uniaxial

1° of freedom dorsiflexion and plantarflexion

Question 13

talocrural joint open and close positions

Answer 13

open- 10° plantar flexion

Close - end range dorsiflexion

Question 14

talus and mortice shape

Answer 14

convex talus
concave mortise (plafond)

Question 15

does talus have muscular attachment?

Answer 15

no
limited blood supply too

Question 16

capsular pattern limitations

Answer 16

We will have a loss in plantarflexion before we have a loss in dorsiflexion

Question 17

ligamentous support for the talocrural joint

Answer 17

lateral- anterior and posterior talofibular, calcaneofibular

medial- deltoid (tibionavicular, ant and post tibiotalar, and tibiocalcaneal)

Question 18

subtalar joint

Answer 18

three joints
Modified ovoid functioning as a modified sellar

Three separate facet articulations- posterior, middle and anterior

1° of freedom, inversion and eversion

(some add/abd and slight PF DF)

Question 19

subtalar joint open and close positions

Answer 19

open- neutral pronation/supination and 10 degrees of pf

close- supination

Question 20

capsular pattern of subtalar joint

Answer 20

varus limitations > valgus

Question 21

ligamentous support subtalar joint

Answer 21

internal- cervical ligament, interosseous talocalcaneal lig

extrinsic- calcaneofibular lig, deltoid lig

Question 22

function of subtalar joint

Answer 22

Triplanar motion- pronation supination

Accommodates rotational force between leg and foot

Maintains foot contact with ground during stance

calcanal iv/ev > midfoot pronation/supination

Question 23

Transverse tarsal joint

Answer 23

midtarsal or choparts joint

taloNavicular joint
calcaneocuboid joint

Question 24

talonavicular joint

Answer 24

part of transfers tarsal joint

concave- navicular
convex- talus

Deep condyloid

iv/ev and df/pf

talonavicular and spring ligaments

Question 25

calcaneocuboid joint

Answer 25

part of transverse tarsal joint saddle joint Forms interlocking wedge that resists gliding of the joint Provide stability to lateral column dorsal calcaneocuboid ligament, bifurcate lig, long/short, plantar ligaments

Question 26

Motion of transverse tarsal joint

Answer 26

two oblique axes primary- longitudinal or AP axis; IV/EV secondary- oblique axis; ABD/ADD and PF/DF

Question 27

Open and close position of transverse tarsal joint

Answer 27

Open- midpoint of pronation/supination and 10° of plantarflexion close- full supination

Question 28

subtalar and transverse tarsal joint work together for

Answer 28

Composite motions of supination and pronation

Question 29

subtalar joint in supination reduces

Answer 29

Mobility of midfoot

Question 30

subtalar joint in pronation increases

Answer 30

Mobility of midfoot

Question 31

tarsometatarsal joints

Answer 31

synovial planar joints Lisfranc joint Degrees of freedom -flexion/ extension, sup/pron Functions to keep contact with ground

Question 32

closed position and open position of Tarsometatarsal joints

Answer 32

Open- midpoint of sup/pronation close- full supination/ extension

Question 33

ray 1 & 2

Answer 33

iv/df ev/pf

Question 34

ray 3

Answer 34

df/pf

Question 35

ray 4&5

Answer 35

ev/df iv/ pf

Question 36

metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints

Answer 36

synovial condyloid degrees or freedom- 2 flex/ext and add/abd capsular pattern- MTPs ext> flex IP flex> ext

Question 37

close and open metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints

Answer 37

Open- neutral, slight flex Close - full extension

Question 38

ligamentous support for MTP and IP

Answer 38

collateral ligaments Plantar plates Transverse metatarsal ligaments

Question 39

sesamoids

Answer 39

Sit under the first metatarsal head pulley for flexor hallucis brevis Flexor Hallucis longus tendon passes between the sesamoids, which offers some protection on the base of the foot