Biomechanics of the Body

Question 1

Active component

Answer 1

Contractile components of muscle develops forces

Question 2

Active insufficiency

Answer 2

Failure to produce force when muscles are slack

Question 3

Acute

Answer 3

Single force of high magnitude that causes injury/damage

Question 4

Agonist

Answer 4

Acts to cause a movement

Question 5

Antagonist

Answer 5

Acts to slow/stop a movement

Question 6

Bending

Answer 6

Combo of compression and tension forces, side with tension applied will break first

Question 7

Chronic

Answer 7

Damage from repeated applications of sub-acute force

Question 8

Compression

Answer 8

Squeezing force directed through centre of a body

Question 9

Concentric

Answer 9

Muscle shortening actions

Question 10

Contractile

Answer 10

Ability to change length when stimulated, develops tension

Question 11

Convergent arrangement

Answer 11

Fibers converge at insertion point to maximize muscle action

Question 12

Deformation

Answer 12

Change in shape

Question 13

Eccentric

Answer 13

Muscle lengthening actions

Question 14

Elastic

Answer 14

Return to its original length and shape following extension/contraction

Question 15

Elastic region

Answer 15

Ability for object to deform under applied force before yield point (point of no return)

Question 16

Extensible

Answer 16

Ability to stretch/increased in length without being damaged

Question 17

Fast twitch

Answer 17

Reach peak tension and relax more quickly than slow twitch (ST) fibers

Question 18

Hill’s muscle

Answer 18

Musculotendinous unit behaves as a contractile component (muscle fibers) in parallel with one elastic component (muscle membranes) and in series with another elastic component (tendons)

Question 19

Irritable

Answer 19

Ability to respond to stimulus

Question 20

Isometric

Answer 20

No change in length

Question 21

Loading

Answer 21

To apply a force onto an object

Question 22

Muscular endurance

Answer 22

Ability of the muscle to exert tension over a period of time

Question 23

Muscular power

Answer 23

Product of muscular force/shortening velocity, product of net torque/angular velocity at joint

Question 24

Neutralizer

Answer 24

Acts to eliminate an unwanted action

Question 25

Parallel arrangement

Answer 25

Long fibres act over a great distance, aren't strong but high in endurance

Question 26

Parallel elastic component

Answer 26

Passive component - Muscle membranes that provide resistive tension when a muscle is passively stretched

Question 27

Passive component

Answer 27

Parallel/series elastic components; as muscle changes length, connective tissue is stretched

Question 28

Passive insufficiency

Answer 28

Restriction of joint range of motion when muscles are fully stretched

Question 29

Pennate arrangement

Answer 29

Fibers span short distances in feather-like arrangement, strongest fascicle arrangement

Question 30

Plastic region

Answer 30

Object's ability to deform constant under applied force (unable to deform to greater extent) until reaching failure point

Question 31

Plyometrics

Answer 31

Movements where a muscle is actively stretched then contracted, used to increase speed/force of muscular contractions

Question 32

Pressure

Answer 32

External force distributed over an area

Question 33

Series elastic component

Answer 33

Passive component - Tendons that act as a spring to store elastic energy when an active muscle is stretched

Question 34

Shear

Answer 34

Force directed parallel to a surface

Question 35

Slow twitch

Answer 35

Slower peak in tension/relaxation, smaller peak tension

Question 36

Stabilizer

Answer 36

Acts to stabilize against another force

Question 37

Stiffness

Answer 37

Measure of elasticity, determined by slope of load-deformation curve

Question 38

Strength

Answer 38

Defined by failure point, assessed by area under load-deformation curve

Question 39

Stress

Answer 39

Distribution of force within a body

Question 40

Stretch shortening cycle

Answer 40

Eccentric contraction (in which the muscle is actively stretched) followed immediately by concentric contraction

Question 41

Sub-acute

Answer 41

Force of magnitude lower than acute that may cause injury

Question 42

Tension

Answer 42

Stretching force directed through centre of a body

Question 43

Torsion

Answer 43

Twisting force around the longitudinal axis of a body

Question 44

Yield point

Answer 44

Point of no return in elasticity