Biomechanics - Possible Test Q's - Chap 4

Question 1

Which of the following components of bone provides it with flexibility?

A. water
B. calcium carbonate
C. calcium phosphate
D. collagen

Answer 1

collagen provides the bone with flexibility

Question 2

Which of the following terms is used to describe bone to relatively high porosity?

A. cortical
B. trabecular
C. spongy
D. all of the above

Answer 2

trabecular is used to describe bone to relatively high porosity

Question 3

Which of the following terms is defined as deformation divided by original length?

A. stress
B. strain
C. strength
D. elasticity

Answer 3

strain is defined as deformation divided by original length

Question 4

Cortical bone is strongest in resisting which type of stress?

A. tensile stress
B. shear stress
C. compressive stress
D. none of the above

Answer 4

cortical bone is strongest in resisting compressive stress

Question 5

How do bones typically respond to stress?

A. atrophy
B. hypertrophy
C. no change, as long as the epiphysis has sealed
D. it is impossible to predict how a bone will respond to stress

Answer 5

bones typically respond to stress with hypertrophy

Question 6

Loss of bone mass has been found in which of the following?

A. bed-ridden patients
B. astronauts
C. tennis players
D. both A and B
E. all the above

Answer 6

loss of bone mass has been found in bed-ridden patients and astronauts

Question 7

Which of the following occurs in the absence of gravitational forces?

A. bone hypertrophy
B. bone atrophy
C. bone modeling
D. all of the above

Answer 7

bone atrophy occurs in the absence of gravitational forces

Question 8

What is the most common symptom of osteoporosis?

A. frequent headaches
B. joint pain in the extremities
C. back pain derived from vertebral fractures
D. swelling of the distal extremities

Answer 8

frequent headaches, joint pain, back pain, and swelling of the distal extremities are all symptoms of osteoporosis

Question 9

Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the strength of bone?

A. cortical bone can withstand more stress than trabecular bone
B. trabecular bone can withstand more strain than cortical bone
C. both A and B
D. none of the above

Answer 9

cortical can withstand more stress than trabecular and trabecular can withstand more strain than cortical can

Question 10

Specialized bone cells that build new bone tissue are called what?

A. periosteum
B. osteoblasts
C. osteoclasts
D. epiphysis

Answer 10

specialized bone cells that build new bone tissue are called osteoblasts

Question 11

Which of the following activities would likely produce the greatest bone mineral density?

A. swimming
B. cycling
C. walking (or running)
D. all of the above would provide

Answer 11

walking or running would be the activity that produces the greatest bone mineral density

Question 12

Undesirably low body weight in young female athletes can lead to what?

A. amenorrea
B. osteoporosis
C. menopause
D. both A and B
E. all of the above

Answer 12

low body weight can lead to amenorrhea and osteoporosis in young female athletes

Question 13

Which of the following is/are part of the female athlete triad?

A. osteoporosis
B. disordered eating
C. cessation of menses
D. all of the above

Answer 13

osteoporosis, disordered eating, and cessation of menses are all part of the female athlete triad

Question 14

The female athlete triad can result in which of the following?

A. stress fractures
B. irreversible bone loss
C. death
D. both A and B
E. all of the above

Answer 14

the female athlete triad can result in stress fractures, irreversible bone loss, and death

Question 15

Which of the following could contribute the most in preventing or prolonging osteoporosis?

A. girls jumping rope before puberty
B. boys running after puberty
C. middle-age women walking before menopause
D. all of the above

Answer 15

girls jumping rope before puberty could contribute in preventing or prolonging osteoporosis

Question 16

Which type of fracture results from repeated loading of relatively low magnitude?

A. spiral
B. impacted
C. depressed
D. stress

Answer 16

a stress fracture results from repeated loading of a relatively low magnitude

Question 17

Bone ______ refers to the increase in bone mass

Answer 17

hypertrophy

Question 18

An epiphyseal injury can terminate _____ bone growth

Answer 18

longitudinal

Question 19

___ refers to an excessive loss of bone mass and strength resulting in one or more fractures

Answer 19

Osteoporosis

Question 20

____ is the fracture resulting from repeated loading of a relatively low magnitude

Answer 20

Stress fracture

Question 21

A condition of reduced bone mineral density that predisposes the individual to fractures is called ____

Answer 21

osteopenia