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Geography > Biomes > Flashcards

Biomes Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different types of Biomes

A 
Coniferous Forests
Decidous Forests
Tundra 
Grasslands
Desert
Tropical
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2
Q

Temperature of Coniferous Forest

A

-40 degrees to 20 degrees

10 degrees average summer

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3
Q

Precipitation in Coniferous Forest

A

300-900mm rain per year

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4
Q

Main Vegetation in Coniferous Forest

A

coniferous, evergreen trees

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5
Q

Location of Coniferous Forest

A

Canada, Europe, Asia, and the United States

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6
Q

Plant Adaptations in Coniferous Forest

A

Coniferous forests consist mostly of conifers, trees that grow needles instead of leaves, and cones instead of flowers. Conifers tend to be evergreen, that is, they bear needles all year long. These adaptations help conifers survive in areas that are very cold or dry. Some of the more common conifers are spruces, pines, and firs.

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7
Q

Animal Adaptations in Coniferous Forest

A

Camoflauge and Colour Change.Snowshoe hares prefer to live in dense coniferous forests, and these mammals have developed a unique adaptation: the changing of their fur color from season to season. During the warmer months, snowshoe hares have brown fur that camouflages them within the dead leaves and branches of the forest floor.

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8
Q

Human Impact of Coniferous Forest

A

Hunting, Deforestation, Pollution, Building Roads

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9
Q

Temperature of Grassland

A

Summer temperatures= 37 degrees Celsius

Winter Temperatures= -40 degrees Celsius

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10
Q

Precipitation in Grassland

A

250- 880mm

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11
Q

Dominant Vegetation in Grassland

A

Grasses

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12
Q

Location of Grasslands

A

North America, Ukraine, Russia, Argentina, Uruguay

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13
Q

Plant Adaptations in Grassland

A

Many animals munch on these grasses, but they survive because the growth point on the grasses is very close to the ground. Also, with underground stems and buds, grasses are not easily destroyed by fire.

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14
Q

Animal Adaptations in Grassland

A

Their long legs help them run fast to escape grassland predators. The temperate grassland does not have much animal diversity, especially compared to the Savannah. Some animals that inhabit temperate grasslands in North America are bison, antelope, birds, gophers, prairie dogs, coyotes, and insects

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15
Q

Human Impacts Grassland

A

One of the main environmental concerns regarding temperate grasslands is the conversion of grassland to farmland.

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16
Q

Climate of Arctic Tundra

A

Cold and dry

-51-10 degrees

17
Q

Human Impact on Arctic Tundra

A
  • hunting
  • global warming
  • oil drilling
  • overdevelopment
  • pollution
18
Q

Plant Adaptations Arctic Tundra

A 
small to absorb heat from soil
plants grow in clumps
hairs on leaves trap heat and act as protection
cup shaped flowers move with the sun
soil not needed for growth
19
Q

Animal Adaptations Arctic Tundra

A

Animals have many adaptations to survive in this harsh environment. Animals need shelter and insulation in the Tundra. The animals here tend to have thicker and warmer feathers and fur. Many of them have larger bodies and shorter arms, legs and tails which helps them retain their heat better and prevent heat loss.

20
Q

Temperature of Deciduous Forest

A

10 degrees C.

21
Q

Rainfall of Deciduous Forest

A

762mm – 1524mm a year.

22
Q

Dominant Vegetation in Deciduous

A

Most have three levels of plants. Lichen, moss, ferns, wildflowers and other small plants can be found on the forest floor. Shrubs fill in the middle level and hardwood trees like maple, oak, birch, magnolia, sweet gum and beech make up the third level.

23
Q

Plant Adaptations in Deciduous Forest

A

They produce large thin leaves that easily captures sunlight for photosynthesis. When it’s cold they expose too much surface area, they lose water. Trees cuts off the water supply to the leaves, seals area between the stem and the tree trunk, stops the plant from producing chlorophyll therefore leaves change colour. The trees also have very thick bark to protect from the cold winters.

24
Q

Animal Adaptations in Deciduous Forest

A

In the deciduous forest, many animals have developed behavioural adaptations such as hibernation and migration. In the winter, birds migrate to warmer Animals such as bears hibernate through the winter. Food storage is an adaptation used by squirrels and chipmunks.

25
Q

Location of Deciduous Forest

A

Temperate deciduous forests can be found in the eastern part of the United States and Canada, most of Europe and parts of China and Japan

26
Q

Human impacts on Deciduous Forest

A

In the Temperate Deciduous Forest humans harvest for wood we also hunt for deer, and other animals. One threat is air pollutants, it kills the wildlife and poisons the soil.The land beneath healthy forests is often very rich and good for farming. Farmers cut trees down to make space for their farms.

27
Q

Temperature of Desert

A

Average of 38°C (day), average of -3.9°C (night)

28
Q

Average Precipitation

A

250mm every year

29
Q

Dominant Vegetation Desert

A

Cacti, small bushes, short grasses

30
Q

Desert Location

A

North and South of the Equator

31
Q

Plant Adaptations Desert

A
  • shallow roots to soak up water
  • deep roots to get to water stored underground
  • no leaves to reduce water loss
  • flowers open at night when cooler
  • photosynthesis in stems because they have no leaves
32
Q

Animal Adaptations Desert

A
  • little urine to save water
  • large ears to give off heat
  • active only at night when cooler
33
Q

Human Impacts Desert

A

Unfortunately, the desert is threatened greatly by climate change. Little changes in weather can have large impacts on all kinds of organisms in the desert. Waste emitted by human industries.

34
Q

Temperature of Tropical Rainforest

A

20°C to 25°C, must remain warm and frost-free

35
Q

Average Precipitation of Rainforest

A

2,000 to 10,000 millimeters of rain per year

36
Q

Dominant Vegetation of Rainforest

A

Vines, palm trees, orchids, ferns

37
Q

Tropical Rainforest Location

A

Between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn

38
Q

Plant Adaptations Tropical Rainforest

A
  • some plants climb up others to reach the sunlight
  • flowers on the forest floor are designed to lure in pollinators as there is no wind to pollinate
  • smooth slippery trunk means vines cannot grow up them
  • slide shaped leaves allow water to slide off so that fungus can’t grow on them
39
Q

Animal Adaptations Tropical Rainforest

A
  • live in different levels of the canopy
  • camouflage is common
  • a lot have long, strong limbs

Geography (2 decks)

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