BioMolecules Flashcards
(27 cards)
All metabolic reactions are ?
Enzymatic Reactions.
Relative Abundance of biological elements in cells: H C O N S Na Ca Mg
H– 0.5% C– 18.5% O– 65% N– 3.3% S– 0.3% Na– 0.2% Ca– 1.5% Mg– 0.1%
Differences in bw organic biological particles on the basis of size.
Diff bw them on the basis of Molecular Weight and Solubility.
Crystalloids and Colloids.
Crystalloids/ True Solute - <1nm
Colloids- 1nm-100nm
Biomacromolecules- >1000 daltons complex conformation
Biomicromolecules- <1000daltons simple conformation
Examples of Crystalloids and Colloids.
Examples of Biomacromolecules and Biomicromolecules.
1- Monosaccharides, Amino Acids and Nucleotides
2- Polysaccharides, Nucleic Acids and Proteins
3- exists in Colloidal form. Polymeric.
Polysaccharides, Nucleic Acid, Protein and LIPID( M.W < 800 daltons)
4- Non-Polymeric and exists in Crystalloid form. Non-polymeric.
Reason for lipid to be considered in Biomacromolecules is?
Because of its insolubility in acid soluble pool or water in general.
Lipid is also called________?
Retentate.
What does acid soluble pool contain?
Biomicromolecules and ions.
What are Metabolites?Types of metabolites.
Molecules taking part in metabolic reactions. Primary metabolites- necessary for metabolic reactions. Secondary metabolites- In plants, have ecological role and in human welfare.
Functions of 2 degree metabolites:
- Alkanoids- Carotenoids, Anthocyanins
- Terpenoids- Monoterpenes, Diterpenes
- Toxins- Abrin and Ricin
- Lectins- Concanavalin A
1-they don’t take part in photosynthesis.
2- both originate from poppy plant. Morphine- Anti-Analgesic|Painkiller
Codeine- Induces sleep and used in cough syrup
3- Compounds of phenol. Diterpenes used in cosmetic/perfume Industry
4- Ricin-Stops protein synthesis|from castor seed oil
5- from Beans
What is the most abundant organic compound?
Cellulose.
The 2nd most abundant organic compound is ?
Chitin.
In exoskeleton of insects and cell wall of fungi .
Calorific fuel value is always more than physiological fuel value. True or False?
True.
What’s the name and structure of the simplest carbohydrate? Is it optically active and why?
Glyceraldehyde.
CHO H-C-OH CH(2)OH Yes bc of it’s unsymmetrical structure.
What is invert sugar? Why is it called so ? What is it also called?
Sucrose. It is a disaccharide made of glucose (dextro rotatory) + fructose (leavo rotatory)( not really Leavo but from right to left)
Fruit sugar is referred to ?
Fructose.
Oligosaccharide on hydrolysis gives how many units of monosaccharides compared to polysaccharides?
2-8 vs more than 10.
Lactose is made up of ?
Glucose and galactose.
Name a trisaccharide.
Raffinose. It’s made up of glucose, fructose and galactose.
All macromolecules are _____meric.
Polymeric.
Glucons is a _____ saccharide. Is it Hetero or Homo.
Homopoly.
Examples of Glucans.
Cellulose, Starch and Glycogen.
What is called Animal Starch?
Glycogen.
Example of Homopolymer that has its basic unit as fruit sugar.
Dahlia roots. It has inulin so has a role in GFR.
Agar Agar is found in which organisms? What kind of polysaccharide is it and name the basic unit.
Gracilaria (algae) and Geladium.
It’s a homopolysaccharide of Galactose.
