Biomolecules

Question 1

Chemical composition of carbohydrates

Answer 1

Composed of long chains of identical small sugars, called glucose.

Question 2

Chemical composition of proteins

Answer 2

Composed of long chains of small molecules called amino acids. There are 20 different kinds of amino acids.

Question 3

Chemical composition of lipids (fats)

Answer 3

Composed of molecules such as glycerol and amino acids.

Question 4

Different nutrients needed for a balanced diet

Answer 4

Proteins: growth and repair
Lipids: energy storage
Carbohydrates

Question 5

Food test for simple sugar

Answer 5

Reagent: Benedicts solution
Negative test results: blue
Positive test results: green/yellow/orange/red

Question 6

Food test for starch (carbohydrates)

Answer 6

Reagent: Iodine
Negative test results: brown/no change
Positive test results: blue/black

Question 7

Food test for protein

Answer 7

Reagent: Copper sulfate
Negative test results: no change
Positive test results: lilac/purple

Question 8

Food test for lipids (fats)

Answer 8

Reagent: Ethanol
Negative test results: no change
Positive test results: milky white

Question 9

What are enzymes

Answer 9

Biological catalystis that increase the rate of chemical reactions.

Question 10

Anabolic reaction

Answer 10

Small molecules (substrate) to big molecules (product)

Question 11

Catabolic reaction

Answer 11

Big molecules (substrate) to small molecules (product)

Question 12

Lock-and-key enzymes

Answer 12

The shape of the substrate is the same as the active site

Question 13

Induced fit enzymes

Answer 13

The active site changes its shape to fit the substrate

Question 14

Effect of temperature on enzymes

Answer 14

If the temperature is too high or too low to the enzymes normal temperature, the enzyme can be denatured