Biomolecules

Question 1

What are the 4 biomolecules?

Answer 1

1- Carbohydrates
2- Lipids
3- Proteins
4- Nucleic Acids

Question 2

What are the bonds called in carbohydrates?

Answer 2

glycosidic linkage

Question 3

What are the bonds called in proteins?

Answer 3

Peptide bonds

Question 4

What are the bonds called in lipids

Answer 4

Ester bonds

Question 5

What are the bonds called in Nucleic Acid?

Answer 5

Phosphodiester bond

Question 6

Simple sugars are made of mostly what?

Answer 6

O, H, C

Question 7

What carb is this?

H - C = O
|
H - C - OH
|
OH - C - H
|
H - C - OH
|
H - C - OH
|
H - C - OH
|
H

Answer 7

Glucose

Question 8

What carb is this?

H - C = O
|
H - C - OH
|
OH - C - H
|
OH - C - OH
|
H - C - OH
|
H - C - OH
|
H

Answer 8

Galactose

Question 9

What carb is this?
H
|
H - C - OH
|
C = O
|
HO - C - H
|
H - C - OH
|
H - C - OH
|
H - C - OH
|
H

Answer 9

Fructose

Question 10

What is glucose?

Answer 10

One of the main sources of calories, nourishes the brain.

Question 11

What is Fructose?

Answer 11

Commonly found in fruit, honey, veggies

Question 12

What is Galactose

Answer 12

“milk sugars”

Question 13

What is sucrose?

Answer 13

“Table Sugar”
Glucose & Fructose
Found in fruits & veggies

Question 14

What forms maltose

Answer 14

Found in molasses.
Glucose & Glucose

Question 15

What is lactose?

Answer 15

“milk sugars”
Galactose & Glucose

Question 16

Types of carbs: Glycogen

Answer 16

• The energy storage in animals
• The enzyme that breaks it down is glycogen

Question 17

Types of carbs: Starch

Answer 17

• energy stored in plants
• energy that breaks it down is amylase

Question 18

Types of carbs: Cellulose

Answer 18

• structural strength in plant cell wall

Question 19

Types of carbs: Chintin

Answer 19

• found in the walls of fungi
• enzyme to digest: chintinase

Question 20

What are the 3 types of lipids?

Answer 20

1 - Fats
2 - Phospholipids
3 - Steroids

Question 21

What are fats made of?

Answer 21

1 Glycerol and 3 fatty acids

Question 22

What is a phospholipid and what’s it made of?

Answer 22

Part of the plasma membrane
It is made of Glycerol, a Phosphate group, and hydrophobic tails (1 saturated fatty acid, 1 unsaturated fatty acid)

Question 23

How do you identify a steroid?

Answer 23

They’re ring structures found in cell membranes, cholesterol, and hormones. They always have 4 linked carbon rings and most have a tail.

Question 24

What is the most important feature of protein?

Answer 24

Its shape.

Question 25

Name the 4 levels of protein structure

Answer 25

1) Primary: a single chain of amino acids
2) Secondary: takes a chain and folds in a-helix or b-pleated sheets
3) Tertiary: takes a & b sheets and interweaves them. It’s held together by hydrogen bonds, disulphide bridges, and the hydrophobic/hydrophilic groups
4) Quaternary: two or more polypeptide chains together.

Question 26

What are the parts of an amino acid?

Answer 26

Amino group, a Carbon, R group, Hydrogen, and Carboxyl group.

       H
       | H2N - C - C = O
       |       ∖ OH
       R

Question 27

Types of proteins: Enzymatic

Answer 27

Breaks down nutrients in food into small pieces; selective acceleration of chemical reaction.

Question 28

Types of proteins: Storage

Answer 28

To store amino acids (ie: casein)

Question 29

Types of proteins: Defense

Answer 29

Protects against foreign pathogens/diseases (ie: antibodies)

Question 30

Types of proteins: Contractile

Answer 30

Movement of muscle (ie: myosin [muscle contraction])

Question 31

Types of proteins: Hormonal

Answer 31

Coordinates the activity of different body systems (ie: insulin)

Question 32

Types of proteins: Structure

Answer 32

To support (ie: keratin, collagen, etc…)

Question 33

What does nucleic acid do?

Answer 33

It stores and transmits the hereditary information (ie: genes)

Question 34

What are the two types of nucleic acid?

Answer 34

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
RNA (ribonucleic acid)

Question 35

What are nucleotides composed of?

Answer 35

A phosphate group, a sugar, and pyrimidine or purine.