Biomolecules

Question 1

What are the four types of biomolecules?

Answer 1

Lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acid

Question 1

Monomer of lipids

Answer 1

gylcerol, fatty acids

Question 2

Monomer of carbohydrates

Answer 2

monosaccharide

Question 3

monomer of proteins

Answer 3

amino acids

Question 4

monomer of nucleic acid

Answer 4

nucleotides

Question 5

How many different amino acids are there?

Answer 5

20

Question 6

Elements in lipids

Answer 6

Carbon, hydrogen, a little bit of oxygen

Question 7

Elements in carbohydrates

Answer 7

carbon, hydrogen, more oxygen than lipids

Question 8

elements in nucleic acids

Answer 8

carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, phosphorus, nitrogen

Question 9

elements in protein

Answer 9

carbon hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen

Question 10

lipids polarity

Answer 10

non polar

Question 11

carbohydrates polarity

Answer 11

polar

Question 12

proteins polarity

Answer 12

polar

Question 13

nucleic acids polarity

Answer 13

polar

Question 14

kinds of lipids

Answer 14

triglycerides (fat), phospholipids, sterols

Question 15

triglycerides (fat) function

Answer 15

stored energy, insulate, cushion organs

Question 16

phospholipids function

Answer 16

make up cell membranes, have one polar/hydrophilic head and two non-polar/hydrophobic tails, forms bilayer.

Question 17

Why does one of the phospholipid tails have a bend in it?

Answer 17

Because the tail with a kink has a double bond (unsaturated fatty acid) and the straight tail has saturated fatty acid

Question 18

sterols function

Answer 18

hormones (cholesterol)

Question 19

kinds of carbohydrates

Answer 19

simple sugars (monosaccharides, disaccharides), complex sugars (polysaccharides)

Question 20

kinds of monosaccharides

Answer 20

glucose, galactose, fructose

Question 21

kinds of disaccharides

Answer 21

sucrose, maltose

Question 22

kinds of polysaccharides and their functions

Answer 22

cellulose (plant cell wall), starch (plant energy storage), glycogen (animal energy storage), chitin (bug exoskeleton)

Question 23

Proteins functions

Answer 23

enzymes (biochemical catalysts, make and break monomer bonds), shape/structure (cytoskeleton), transport, antibodies, hormones

Question 24

Kinds of Nucleic Acids and their functions

Answer 24

DNA/RNA (genetics, making proteins) and ATP (energy molecule)

Question 25

What is dehydration synthesis?

Answer 25

Enzymes chemically link together monomers to make larger molecules. they do this by removing the H2O molecule.

Question 26

What is hydrolysis?

Answer 26

Enzymes break bonds between monomers by jamming an H2O molecules between them.

Question 27

What is cellular respiration?

Answer 27

Cells break down glucose to make ATPs

Question 28

Why is carbon the key element of life?

Answer 28

Carbon atoms are small, carbon has 4 valence electrons, so it can form 4 bonds with other elements and/or itself --> can form long chains/complex molecules

Question 29

Why are cells small?

Answer 29

A too small SA:volume ratio leads to a decreased rate of chemical exchange, which then kills the cell.