Biomolecules

Question 1

What are the four main types of biomolecules?

Answer 1

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Question 2

True or False: Proteins are made up of amino acids.

Answer 2

True.

Question 3

Fill in the blank: DNA and RNA are types of __________.

Answer 3

nucleic acids.

Question 4

What is the primary function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

Answer 4

To provide energy and support cellular structure.

Question 5

Which biomolecule is known for its role in storing genetic information?

Answer 5

Nucleic acids.

Question 6

What are the building blocks of proteins?

Answer 6

Amino acids.

Question 7

Which type of lipid is primarily used for long-term energy storage?

Answer 7

Triglycerides.

Question 8

What is the monomer of carbohydrates?

Answer 8

Monosaccharides.

Question 9

True or False: Enzymes are a type of carbohydrate.

Answer 9

False.

Question 10

Which biomolecule can act as a catalyst in biochemical reactions?

Answer 10

Proteins (specifically enzymes).

Question 11

What are the two main types of nucleic acids?

Answer 11

DNA and RNA.

Question 12

Fill in the blank: The basic unit of a lipid is a __________.

Answer 12

fatty acid.

Question 13

What is the primary function of lipids in organisms?

Answer 13

To store energy and make up cell membranes.

Question 14

Which biomolecule is composed of a glycerol backbone and fatty acid chains?

Answer 14

Lipids.

Question 15

Which type of carbohydrate is used for energy storage in plants?

Answer 15

Starch.

Question 16

True or False: All proteins are enzymes.

Answer 16

False.

Question 17

What is the process called by which proteins are synthesized from amino acids?

Answer 17

Translation.

Question 18

What type of bond connects amino acids in a protein?

Answer 18

Peptide bond.

Question 19

Fill in the blank: The sequence of __________ in a protein determines its function.

Answer 19

amino acids.

Question 20

What is the role of RNA in protein synthesis?

Answer 20

To transfer genetic information from DNA to ribosomes.

Question 21

What is a polysaccharide?

Answer 21

A carbohydrate composed of long chains of monosaccharide units.

Question 22

Which biomolecule is primarily responsible for the structure of cell membranes?

Answer 22

Phospholipids.

Question 23

True or False: Glycogen is the storage form of glucose in animals.

Answer 23

True.

Question 24

What are the two main categories of nucleotides?

Answer 24

Purines and pyrimidines.

Question 25

Fill in the blank: The primary structure of a protein is determined by the __________ of amino acids.

Answer 25

sequence.

Question 26

What is the function of chlorophyll in plants?

Answer 26

To absorb light energy for photosynthesis.

Question 27

Which biomolecule can be classified as saturated or unsaturated?

Answer 27

Lipids.

Question 28

What process converts glucose into energy in cells?

Answer 28

Cellular respiration.

Question 29

True or False: All enzymes are proteins.

Answer 29

True.

Question 30

What is the significance of hydrogen bonds in DNA?

Answer 30

They hold the two strands of DNA together.

Question 31

Which biomolecule serves as the primary energy currency in cells?

Answer 31

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

Question 32

Fill in the blank: The basic structural unit of nucleic acids is a __________.

Answer 32

nucleotide.

Question 33

What kind of reaction forms polymers from monomers?

Answer 33

Dehydration synthesis.

Question 34

What is the main function of ribonucleic acid (RNA)?

Answer 34

To carry information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

Question 35

True or False: Lipids are soluble in water.

Answer 35

False.

Question 36

What is a common example of a disaccharide?

Answer 36

Sucrose.

Question 37

Which biomolecule can provide structural support in plants?

Answer 37

Cellulose.

Question 38

Fill in the blank: The three components of a nucleotide are a sugar, a phosphate group, and a __________.

Answer 38

nitrogenous base.

Question 39

What type of bond is formed between the sugar and phosphate in a nucleic acid?

Answer 39

Phosphodiester bond.

Question 40

What is the function of enzymes in biochemical reactions?

Answer 40

To speed up the reactions by lowering the activation energy.

Question 41

True or False: Unsaturated fats are typically solid at room temperature.

Answer 41

False.

Question 42

What is the role of the carboxyl group in amino acids?

Answer 42

It acts as an acid, donating a proton.

Question 43

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Answer 43

DNA is double-stranded and contains deoxyribose; RNA is single-stranded and contains ribose.

Question 44

Fill in the blank: The __________ structure of a protein refers to its overall 3D shape.

Answer 44

tertiary.

Question 45

Which type of lipid acts as insulation and protection for organs?

Answer 45

Fatty tissues (adipose tissue).