biomolecules Flashcards
(27 cards)
carbohydrates
they are optically active polyhydroxy Ketone or aldehyde which on hydrolysis yields polyhydroxy aldehyde or ketone eg cane sugar glucose starch
monosaccharide
a carbohydrate that cannot be hydrolysed further to give simpler unit of polyhydroxy aldehyde or ketone
oligosaccharide
carbohydrates that yield monosaccharide units on hydrolysis classified into disaccharide disaccharide tetrasaccharide etc depending on no. of monosaccharide released on hydrolysis…disaccharide is most common
polysaccharide
carbohydrates that yield large no of monosaccharide on hydrolysis eg starch cellulose gums etc
reducing sugar
the carbohydrates that reduce fehling sol and tollens reagent ..all monosaccharide are reducing sugar
aldose n ketose
monosaccharide w aldehyde and ketone respectively
glucose
c6h12o6
its an aldohexose and called dextrose ..has aldehyde an 6 c so named such ..it is most abundant organic compound in nature present in sweet fruits
mop of glucose 1
sucrose (c12h22o11)
boil it in dil hcl or h2so4 in alchoholic sol then
product : equal amt of glucose and fructose
mop of glucose 2
starch (c6h10o5)
boli in dil h2so4 393 k under pressure it produces glucose
cellulose
it is the main storage polysaccharide of plants it is most important dietary source for human beings present cereal roots etc it is polymer of alpha glucose
most abundant in plant kingdom
its prominent constitute of cell wall
st chain polysaccharide ..has beta d glucose units joined by c1 of 1 glucose unit and c4 of other
amylose
component of starch,
soluble in water
15 to 20 pecent starch
long unbranched chain w 200 to 1k d+glucose
held by c1 c4 glycosidic linkage
amylopectin
component of starch
insoluble in water
80 to 85 percent starch
glycogen
the carbohydrates are stored in animal body as glycogen it is also called animal starch because its structure to amylopectin
it is highly branched
present in liver brain etc also in fungi and yeast
it breaks into glucose when body needs it
proteins
the occur in every part of body and form fundamental basis of structure and function of life
its a polymer of alpha amino acid
essential and non essential protein
one that cant be synthesized in body
one that can be synthesized in body..must be obtained in diet
struc of protein
protein may have one or more peptide chain each polypeptide in protein has amino acid linked with each other in specific sequence and it is the sequence of amino acid that is said to be primary structure of that protein
change in stut changes protein
zwitter
enzymes
it is used to spped or slow the reac
its name is often derived from its substrate or the chemical reaction it catalyzes, with the word ending in -ase.
isozymes
Different enzymes that catalyze the same chemical reaction
vitamins
certain organic compounds are required in small amount in our diet but their deficiency cause a specific disease
required in less amt by body
fat soluble vitamins
soluble in fat n oilbut not in water .they are vitamin A ,D ,E ,K
stored in liver and adipose tissue or fat tissue
water soluble vitamins
B grp and C are soluble in water ..
needed by body as keeps gettin excreted exp b12
nucleic acid
The particles in nucleus of the cell, responsible for heredity, are called chromosomes which are made up of proteins and another type of biomolecules called nucleic acids…has 2 types dna and rna
polynucleotide
other name of nucleic acid
