Biomolecules

Question 1

What does mRNA stand for?

Answer 1

Messenger RNA

Question 2

What is the primary function of mRNA?

Answer 2

To carry genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis

Question 3

Where does mRNA synthesis occur in eukaryotic cells?

Answer 3

In the nucleus

Question 4

Fill in the blank: The process of synthesizing mRNA from DNA is called _______.

Answer 4

Transcription

Question 5

What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Answer 5

To translate mRNA into a polypeptide chain

Question 6

True or False: mRNA is synthesized in the cytoplasm.

Answer 6

False

Question 7

What are the building blocks of mRNA?

Answer 7

Nucleotides

Question 8

List the three main types of RNA involved in protein synthesis.

Answer 8

• mRNA
• tRNA
• rRNA

Question 9

What does tRNA stand for?

Answer 9

Transfer RNA

Question 10

What is the function of tRNA in protein synthesis?

Answer 10

To transport amino acids to the ribosome

Question 11

Fill in the blank: The process by which ribosomes create proteins from mRNA is called _______.

Answer 11

Translation

Question 12

True or False: rRNA is a component of ribosomes.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

What is the purpose of the genetic code?

Answer 13

To specify the sequence of amino acids in proteins

Question 14

What is a codon?

Answer 14

A sequence of three nucleotides on mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid

Question 15

Fill in the blank: The start codon for protein synthesis is _______.

Answer 15

AUG

Question 16

What is the role of the promoter in transcription?

Answer 16

To initiate the transcription of a gene

Question 17

Define termination in the context of transcription.

Answer 17

The process by which RNA polymerase stops synthesizing RNA when it reaches a termination signal

Question 18

What are introns?

Answer 18

Non-coding sequences in a gene that are removed during RNA processing

Question 19

What are exons?

Answer 19

Coding sequences in a gene that are retained in the final mRNA

Question 20

Fill in the blank: The addition of a 5’ cap and a poly-A tail to mRNA is part of _______.

Answer 20

RNA processing

Question 21

What is the significance of the 5’ cap?

Answer 21

It protects mRNA from degradation and assists in ribosome binding

Question 22

What is the function of the poly-A tail?

Answer 22

To enhance the stability and export of mRNA from the nucleus

Question 23

What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

Answer 23

The central dogma describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein.

Question 24

Fill in the blank: The central dogma involves the processes of _______ and _______.

Answer 24

transcription and translation

Question 25

True or False: The central dogma states that information can flow from protein to RNA.

Answer 25

False

Question 26

What role does DNA play in the central dogma?

Answer 26

DNA serves as the template for RNA synthesis during transcription.

Question 27

What is transcription?

Answer 27

Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template.

Question 28

What is translation?

Answer 28

Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from an mRNA template.

Question 29

Which molecule is synthesized during transcription?

Answer 29

RNA

Question 30

Which molecule is synthesized during translation?

Answer 30

Protein

Question 31

Fill in the blank: In the central dogma, mRNA carries genetic information from _______ to _______.

Answer 31

DNA to ribosomes

Question 32

What is the function of ribosomes in the central dogma?

Answer 32

Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis, translating mRNA into protein.

Question 33

What is the significance of the central dogma in biology?

Answer 33

It explains how genetic information is expressed and utilized in living organisms.

Question 34

True or False: The central dogma is a one-way process.

Answer 34

True

Question 35

What are the key components involved in the central dogma?

Answer 35

* DNA * RNA * Protein

Question 36

Fill in the blank: The central dogma illustrates the flow of information from _______ to _______ to _______.

Answer 36

DNA to RNA to Protein

Question 37

What is a key implication of the central dogma for genetics?

Answer 37

It implies that changes in DNA can affect RNA and protein production.

Question 38

Name one process that can alter the flow of information described by the central dogma.

Answer 38

Reverse transcription

Question 39

Fill in the blank: The enzyme responsible for transcription is called _______.

Answer 39

RNA polymerase

Question 40

What is the role of tRNA in translation?

Answer 40

tRNA carries amino acids to the ribosome and matches them to the mRNA codons.

Question 41

What determines the sequence of amino acids in a protein?

Answer 41

The sequence of nucleotides in the mRNA.

Question 42

True or False: The central dogma applies to all forms of life.

Answer 42

True

Question 43

What does RNA stand for?

Answer 43

Ribonucleic Acid

Question 44

What is the primary function of RNA?

Answer 44

To convey genetic information from DNA to the ribosome

Question 45

Fill in the blank: RNA is a type of _______.

Answer 45

nucleic acid

Question 46

True or False: RNA has a double helical structure like DNA.

Answer 46

False

Question 47

What are the main types of RNA?

Answer 47

* Messenger RNA (mRNA) * Transfer RNA (tRNA) * Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Question 48

What sugar is found in RNA?

Answer 48

Ribose

Question 49

What base is present in RNA but not in DNA?

Answer 49

Uracil

Question 50

Fill in the blank: RNA plays a crucial role in _______ synthesis.

Answer 50

protein

Question 51

What is the role of mRNA?

Answer 51

To carry the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis

Question 52

What is the role of tRNA?

Answer 52

To transport amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis

Question 53

What is the role of rRNA?

Answer 53

To make up the structural and functional components of ribosomes

Question 54

What type of bonds connect the nucleotides in RNA?

Answer 54

Phosphodiester bonds

Question 55

Fill in the blank: The process of synthesizing RNA from DNA is called _______.

Answer 55

transcription

Question 56

What is the significance of the sequence of nucleotides in RNA?

Answer 56

It determines the sequence of amino acids in a protein

Question 57

True or False: RNA can catalyze biochemical reactions.

Answer 57

True