Biomolecules

Question 1

What are carbohydrates?

Answer 1

the source of all energy, made up of sugars

Question 2

The five types of Sugars?

Answer 2

glucose, monosaccharides, fructose, disaccharides, polysaccharides

Question 3

What is glucose?

Answer 3

comes from the sun, has energy for the cells that need it

Question 4

What is fructose?

Answer 4

sweeter, processed by our bodies in different ways

Question 5

What is disaccharides?

Answer 5

two monosaccharides put together

Question 6

What is monosaccharides?

Answer 6

one sugar

Question 7

What are the two glucose that form sucrose?

Answer 7

glucose + fructose

Question 8

What are the two glucose that form lactose?

Answer 8

glucose + galactose

Question 9

What are the two glucose that form maltose?

Answer 9

glucose + glucose

Question 10

What are cellulose?

Answer 10

a bunch of glucose molecules together, most common organic compound, very hard to digest (ex. grass)

Question 11

What is polysaccharides?

Answer 11

can contain thousands of simple sugars, storing energy

Question 12

What is triglycerides?

Answer 12

three fatty acids connected to a glycerol

Question 13

What are lipids?

Answer 13

fatty acids like glycogen, and phospholipid

Question 14

What are Glycogen?

Answer 14

store carbohydrate energy (sugar)

Question 15

What is Phospholipid?

Answer 15

created a cell membrane wall, attracted to water (polar), non-polar avoids water

Question 16

what are Enzymes?

Answer 16

help digest food

Question 17

What are Antibodies?

Answer 17

connects to invaders like bacteria and virus so that your immune system can get them!

Question 18

What does Saturated mean?

Answer 18

connected to at least two hydrogen items

Question 19

what does Unsaturated mean?

Answer 19

not able to pick up hydrogen items

Question 20

What are Steroids used to form?

Answer 20

can be used to form hundreds of variations

Question 21

What are Cholesterol?

Answer 21

bonds with phospholipids to form cell walls, can be activated to turn into Lipid Hormones

Question 22

Proteins

Answer 22

enzymes, antibodies, amino acids polypeptides

Question 23

Protein hormones

Answer 23

make you feel emotions

Question 24

Amino Acids

Answer 24

important organic compounds containing amine and carboxylic acid functional groups, made of valine and tryptophan

Question 25

Valine

Answer 25

does protecting and building muscle tissue

Question 26

Tryptophan

Answer 26

helping you regulate mood and energy levels

Question 27

Polypeptides

Answer 27

long chain elaborate in a structure, they fold and twist

Question 28

Protein synthesis

Answer 28

Histidine, isoleucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine.

Question 29

Cells

Answer 29

divided into millions of tiny sections

Question 30

Tissue

Answer 30

cells living with other cells in groups

Question 31

Cytoplasm

Answer 31

blob of jelly-like fuid

Question 32

Cell membrane

Answer 32

surrounds the cytoplasm, the membrane let's good stuff in and keeps bad stuff out

Question 33

Organelles

Answer 33

floats around in the cytoplasm, they do all the work that cells need to do like make proteins, turn food into energy, and get rid of waste

Question 34

Lysosome and Peroxysome

Answer 34

to remove waste

Question 35

Genes

Answer 35

controls all of an organisms functions

Question 36

What are made of Eukaryotic cells?

Answer 36

plants and animals, including people

Question 37

Nucleus

Answer 37

central part, genes and the membrane form an organelle

Question 38

Prokaryotic

Answer 38

has no nucleus, floats free in the cytoplasm, most are single celled bacteria

Question 39

bone cells

Answer 39

are star shaped

Question 40

`muscle cells

Answer 40

have to be stretchy

Question 41

nerve cells

Answer 41

can be really long, so they can carry signals from one part of the body to another

Question 42

red blood cells

Answer 42

shaped like little bowls

Question 43

What do plant cells have?

Answer 43

a rigid cell wall to maintain their shape

Question 44

Mitosis

Answer 44

the nucleus splits apart, the cell stretches out and then separates into two identical nuclei

Question 45

Chromosomes

Answer 45

two DNA molecules

Question 46

Centromere

Answer 46

holds the chromosome together in the middle

Question 47

Four steps in Mitosis

Answer 47

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase

Question 48

Prophase

Answer 48

chromosomes are visible

Question 49

Metaphase

Answer 49

duplicated chromosomes line up along the center of the cell

Question 50

Anaphase

Answer 50

identical chromosomes separate and move to opposite sides of the cell

Question 51

Telophase

Answer 51

spindle fibers start to disappear, chromosomes uncoil and it becomes harder to see them

Question 52

What to animal cells have?

Answer 52

centrioles

Question 53

What is Meiosis?

Answer 53

its when it splits in half twice, producing four separate cells in which each are distinct from the others