Biomolecules

Question 1

sugars and polymers of sugars, composed of carbonyl (C=O) and hydroxide group (-OH)

main source of energy for cell metabolism

composed of simple repeating units called sugars or monosaccharides

Answer 1

carbohydrates

Question 2

elements of carbohydrates

Answer 2

C H O

Question 3

1 sugar unit, the simplest carbohydrate with basic formula (CH2O)n

single carbon skeleton

Answer 3

monosaccharides

Question 4

examples of monosaccharides

Answer 4

glucose, galactose, fructose

Question 5

two monosaccharides linked together by a GLYCOSIDIC bond

Answer 5

disaccharide

Question 6

examples of dissaccharide

Answer 6

maltose

sucrose

lactose

Question 7

glucose + glucose

Answer 7

maltos

Question 8

glucose + fructose

Answer 8

sucrose

Question 9

glucose + galactose

Answer 9

lactose

Question 10

many sugar units linked by glycosidic bond

several linked monosaccharides

Answer 10

polysaccharide

Question 11

chains of glucose units only, main stored energy in PLANTS

Answer 11

starch

Question 12

main component of a plant cell wall (structural support)

Answer 12

cellulose

Question 13

material of EXOSKELETON of arthropods

Answer 13

chitin

Question 14

examples of polysaccharide

Answer 14

starch, glycogen, cellulose

Question 15

monomer of carbohydrates

Answer 15

monosaccharide

Question 16

made up if carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen but contains very little O compared to C and H

hydrophobic nonpolar hydrocarbon molecules

Answer 16

lipid

Question 17

insoluble or barely soluble in water

Answer 17

lipid

Question 18

molecules used to store energy composed of glycerol and 3 fatty acids

consist of glycerol connected to a fatty acid through an ester linkage

Answer 18

fats

Question 19

contains a cis-double bond in the fatty acid, liquid at room temperature

also called OILS

1 or more C double bonds

Answer 19

unsaturated

Question 20

contains a trans-double bond in the fatty acid

Answer 20

trans fat

Question 21

lipids with a phosphate group attached to the glycerol has a hydrophobic and hydrophilic end

compose the cell membrane

main component of all cell membranes in all organisms

composed of glycerol, 2 fatty acids, and phosphate residue

Answer 21

phospholipid

Question 22

one end is water loving (phosphate) and the other end is water fearing (glycerol and fatty acid)

Answer 22

amphipathic molecule

Question 23

carbon skeleton is composed of four fused rings

component of cell membranes (cholesterol)

sex hormones

Answer 23

steroids

Question 24

monomer of lipids

Answer 24

fatty acid or glycerol

Question 25

element of lipid

Answer 25

C H O

Question 26

most diverse biomolecule in terms of structure and in terms of function consist of one or more chains of amino acid

Answer 26

proteins

Question 27

consists of an animo group and carboxyl group

Answer 27

amino acid

Question 28

how many kinds of amino acids are there

Answer 28

20

Question 29

structured as chains of amino acids linked by PEPTIDE bond folded into unique 3d shapes, and held by different molecular forces and bonds

Answer 29

proteins

Question 30

element of protein

Answer 30

C H O N

Question 31

monomer of proteins

Answer 31

amino acids

Question 32

carry and interpret genetic information polymers of nucleotides (DNA and RNA)

Answer 32

nucleic acids

Question 33

monomer of nucleic acids

Answer 33

nucleotides

Question 34

contains a nitrogenous base (Purines or Pyrimidines), five carbon sugar and phosphate group

Answer 34

nucleotide

Question 35

pyrimidines

Answer 35

cytosine thymine uracil

Question 36

purines

Answer 36

adenine guanine

Question 37

monomer of nucleic acid

Answer 37

nucleotide

Question 38

short-term energy storage quick-release energy

Answer 38

carbohydrates

Question 39

long-term energy storage insulation protection (e.g. cell membranes)

Answer 39

lipids

Question 40

store and transmit genetic information

Answer 40

nucleic acid

Question 41

enzymes regulate cell process, structural integrity, transport

Answer 41

protein

Question 42

examples of protein

Answer 42

hemoglobin, keratin, collagen, enzymes (usually ends in --ase)