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Biology 1100 > Biomolecules: Week 2 > Flashcards

Biomolecules: Week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 classes or groups of biomolecules?

A

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic acids

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2
Q

What are Macromolecules?

A

the main biomolecules that are very large polymers made of repeating monomers.

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3
Q

How does the dehydration synthesis work?

A

When the monomers are joined by removal of OH from one monomer and H from the other side of the bond formation.

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4
Q

True or False: Monomers are linked by covalent bond.

A

True. They are linked by covalent bonds.

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5
Q

Explain the process of Hydrolysis.

A

Monomers are released by adding a water molecule, OH to one monomer and H to the other.

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6
Q

What does anabolic mean?

A

creating bonds to build larger products.

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7
Q

What dies catabolic mean?

A

breaking down larger compounds into smaller products.

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8
Q

Monomers or “building blocks” of carbohydrates are_____.

A

Monosaccharides (ex. glucose).

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9
Q

What are the subunits of Carbohydrates?

A

Disaccharides and Polysaccharides

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10
Q

What is the major polysaccharide (many sugars) found in humans?

A

Glycogen

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11
Q

What is the major polysaccharide found in plants. NOTE: THERE’S 2

A

Starch (plant food) and Cellulose (plants structure)

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12
Q

When u cook starch, what happens to it?

A

It breaks down and turn to di/monosaccharides (caramelizing)

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13
Q

Chemical energy means…

A

potential energy available for release in chemical reactions

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14
Q

True or False: Molecules with lots of hydrocarbon bonds have lots of chemical energy.

A

True

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15
Q

Starch is used for….

A

energy in plants

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16
Q

Glycogen is used for ….

A

energy in animals

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17
Q

True or False: Glycogen is more highly branched than starch.

A

True. Glycogen is more highly branched than starch.

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18
Q

True or False: Glycogen and Starch are both polymers of glucose.

A

True. Glycogen and Starch are both polymers of glucose.

19
Q

What is the definition of Polysaccharide?

A

A complex polymer of sugars and amino acids; the substance from which bacterial cell walls are made.

20
Q

What is the main function of Penicillin?

A

Binds and blocks enzymes that strengthen peptidoglycan strands in cell wall.

21
Q

Where are glycoproteins position at in the cell membrane?

A

Inserted into the cell membrane

22
Q

Glycoproteins are bonded to ______.

A

Polysaccharides

23
Q

Glycoproteins act as a ______. Each cell type has different ____ of glycoproteins. Immune system uses glycoproteins to tell “self” from ____.

A
  1. cell identification system
  2. sets
  3. foreign
24
Q

Lipids are also known as ___.

A

Fats

25
Q

What are the 4 major groups of Lipids?

A
  1. Triglycerides
  2. Phospholipids
  3. Steroids
  4. Eicosanoids
26
Q

Monomers or “building blocks” of lipids are ____.

A

Fatty acids and Glycerol

27
Q

Triglycerides have 1 _____ + 3 ____.

A

Glycerol
Fatty acids

28
Q

A saturated triglyceride has only _____ bonds.

A

single

29
Q

An unsaturated triglyceride has only _____ bonds.

A

double-bond

30
Q

Triglycerides main functions are: (4)

A
  1. Energy storage
  2. protection
  3. insulation
  4. vitamin storage
31
Q

Phospholipids have 1 ____ and 2 ____ + phosphate containing molecule.

A

Glycerol
fatty acid

32
Q

Phospholipids are essential in the _________ structure.

A

Cell membrane’s

33
Q

The plasma membrane is made of _______.

A

Phospholipids

34
Q

What is the building blocks for other steroids?

A

Cholesterol

35
Q

Steroids are in a 4 ring like structure of carbon. true or false?

A

True

36
Q

Eicosanoids are signaling molecules derived from ________ 20-C fatty acids.

A

oxidized

37
Q

Eicosanoids is important in: (3 examples)

A
  • Inflammation
  • Pain Sensation
  • Blood Clotting
38
Q

Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, Thromboxane, Prostacyclin, are examples of what?

A

Eicosanoids

39
Q

Polysaccharides contain _____ composed of two ______.

A

Disaccharides
Monosaccharides

40
Q

Monomers or “building blocks” of proteins are ….

A

Amino Acids

41
Q

What group of biomolecules function in building tissues, structure maintenance and repair?

A

Protein

42
Q

What group of biomolecules includes enzymes?

A

Proteins

43
Q

This type of biomolecule is nonpolar; it does not dissolve in water.

A

Lipids

44
Q

Long-term, backup energy storage an insulation is the function of which biomolecule?

A

Lipids

Biology 1100 (1 decks)

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