BIOMOLECULES WEEK 2

Question 1

are a source of
energy and provide structural
support

Answer 1

CARBOHYDRATES

Question 3

have a wide range of functions, such as catalyzing reactions
and transporting substances
into and out of cells

Answer 3

Proteins

Question 4

store genetic
information and
function in gene
expression.

Answer 4

Nucleic acids

Question 5

are a group of
diverse molecules that do
not mix well with water. Key
functions include providing
energy, making up cell
membranes, and acting as
hormones

Answer 5

Lipids

Question 6

is a long molecule consisting of many similar or identical building blocks linked by covalent bonds, much as a train consists of a chain of boxcars

Answer 6

POLYMER

Question 7

repeating units that serve as
the building blocks of a polymer are smaller molecules

Answer 7

MONOMER

Question 8

means water breakage adds a water molecule, breaking a bond.

Answer 8

HYDROLYSIS

Question 8

specialized macromolecules (usually proteins) that speed up chemical reactions

Answer 8

ENZYMES

Question 8

If a water molecule is lost, it is known as an OR removes a water molecule, forming a new bond.

Answer 8

DEHYDRATION REACTION

Question 9

(C6H12O6)

Answer 9

GLUCOSE

Question 10

consists of two monosaccharides joined by a glycosidic linkage

Answer 10

disaccharide

Question 11

The bonding of two glucose
units’ forms

Answer 11

MALTOSE

Question 11

maltose is a disaccharide formed by the linking of two molecules of glucose

Answer 11

maltose

Question 12

are macromolecules, polymers with a few
hundred to a few thousand monosaccharides joined by glycosidic linkages

Answer 12

Polysaccharides

Question 13

a polymer of glucose monomers, as granules within cellular structures
known as

Answer 13

PLASTIDS

Question 14

unbranched the simplest form of
starch.

Answer 14

Amylose

Question 15

somewhat branched a more complex starch is a branched polymer with 1–6 linkages at the branch points

Answer 15

Amylopectin

Question 16

1–4 linkage of c glucose monomers. All monomers
are in the same orientation

Answer 16

STARCH

Question 17

are the one class of large biological molecules that does
not include true polymers, and they are generally not big enough to be considered macromolecules.

Answer 17

LIPIDS

Question 18

Other names for a fat are

Answer 18

triacylglycerol and triglyceridE

Question 19

creates a kink in the hydrocarbon
chain wherever it occurr

Answer 19

cis double bond

Question 19

The molecular building blocks of a fat are

Answer 19

one molecule of glycerol and three molecules of fatty acids

Question 20

food labels means that unsaturated fats have been synthetically converted to saturated
fats by adding hydrogen, allowing them to solidify

Answer 20

hydrogenated vegetable oils

Question 21

has a choline attached to a phosphate group

Answer 21

phosphatidylcholine

Question 22

The bond between amino acids is called

Answer 22

polypeptide

Question 22

When phospholipids are added to water, they self-assemble into a double-layered sheet called a

Answer 22

Bilayer

Question 23

are lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four fused rings

Answer 23

Steroids

Question 24

is a biologically functional molecule made up of one or more polypeptides, each folded and coiled into a specific three-dimensional structure

Answer 24

protein

Question 24

Greek word proteios, meaning

Answer 24

“first,” or “primary

Question 25

Movement Motor proteins are responsible for the undulations of cilia and flagella

Answer 25

Contractile and motor proteins

Question 25

is an organic molecule with both an amino group and a carboxyl group

Answer 25

Amino acids

Question 25

Casein, the protein of milk, is the major source of amino acids for baby mammals

Answer 25

Storage of amino acids

Question 26

Selective acceleration of chemical reactions Example: Digestive enzymes catalyze the hydrolysis of bonds in food molecules.

Answer 26

Enzymatic proteins

Question 27

Coordination of an organism ‘s activities Example: Insulin, a hormone secreted by the pancreas, causes other tissues to take up glucose, thus regulating blood sugar concentration.

Answer 27

Hormonal proteins

Question 28

Protection against disease Antibodies inactivate and help destroy viruses and bacteria.

Answer 28

Defensive proteins

Question 29

Hemoglobin, the iron-containing protein of vertebrate blood, transports oxygen from the lungs to other parts of the body

Answer 29

Transport of substances

Question 30

Keratin is the protein of hair, horns, feathers, and other skin appendages.

Answer 30

Structural proteins

Question 30

: Receptors built into the membrane of a nerve cell detect signaling molecules released by other nerve cells.

Answer 30

Response of cell to chemical stimuli

Question 31

Emphasizes the overall globular shape.

Answer 31

Space-filling model

Question 32

Shows only the polypeptide backbone, emphasizing how it folds and coils to form a 3-D shape, in this case stabilized by disulfide bridge

Answer 32

Ribbon model

Question 33

Shows the polypeptide backbone with side chains extending from it

Answer 33

Wireframe model

Question 34

of a protein is its sequence of amino acids Linear chain of amino acids

Answer 34

Primary Structure

Question 34

Regions stabilized by hydrogen bonds between atoms of the polypeptide backbone

Answer 34

Secondary Structure

Question 35

Three-dimensional shape stabilized by interactions between side chains

Answer 35

Tertiary Structure

Question 36

Association of two or more polypeptides (some proteins only)

Answer 36

Quaternary Structure