Biopsych

Question 1

Frontal Lobe (Cerebral Cortex)

Answer 1

Higher cognitive functioning, problem solving

Question 2

Temporal Lobe (Cerebral Cortex)

Answer 2

Auditory info, memory

Question 3

Occipital Lobe (Cerebral Cortex)

Answer 3

Visual info

Question 4

Parietal Lobe (Cerebral Cortex)

Answer 4

Somatosensory cortex

Question 5

Longitudinal Fissure

Answer 5

Cuts down the middle

Question 6

Lateral Fissure

Answer 6

Cuts between temporal and frontal/parietal

Question 7

Central Fissure

Answer 7

Cuts between frontal and parietal lobes

Question 8

Basal Ganglia

Answer 8

Made up of the caudate and putamen

Question 9

Thalamus

Answer 9

Receives sensory info from brain areas, projects info to cortex

Question 10

Pons (Brain Stem)

Answer 10

Creates bulge on ventral surface

Question 11

Medulla (Brain Stem)

Answer 11

Carries signals between brain and body

Question 12

Reticular Formation (Brain Stem)

Answer 12

Occupies central core of brain stem

Question 13

Cerebellum (Brain Stem)

Answer 13

Sensorimotor structure

Question 14

Central Nervous System

Answer 14

Brain and spinal cord

Question 15

Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 15

Somatic Nervous System: Voluntary control of body movements, afferent and efferent nerves
Autonomic Nervous System: Involuntary, internal organs (heart, stomach, lungs)

Question 16

Endocrine Glands

Answer 16

Ductless glands that release hormones directly into the circulatory system

Question 17

Gonads

Answer 17

Male testes, female ovaries

Question 18

Androgens (Sex Steroids; Gonadal Hormones)

Answer 18

Testosterone

Question 19

Estrogens

Answer 19

Estradiol

Question 20

Pituitary Gland

Answer 20

Mastery gland, controlled by hypothalamus

Question 21

Epinephrine

Answer 21

Adrenaline, found primarily through the entire body

Question 22

Norepinephrine

Answer 22

Noradrenaline, primarily in the brain

Question 23

Cortisol

Answer 23

Collective term for glucocorticoid hormones, prepares body for action, regulates blood pressure, muscle strength, etc

Question 24

Oxytocin

Answer 24

“Love hormone,” plays a role in relationships, bonding, released via hypothalamus

Question 25

Neural Plate

Answer 25

Forms 3 weeks after conception

Question 26

Stem Cells

Answer 26

Make up neural plate, have unlimited capacity for self-renewal and are pluripotent (can develop into many classes of body cells)

Question 27

Prenatal Development

Answer 27

Neural plate -> Neural groove -> Neural tube

Question 28

Neural Tube

Answer 28

Forebrain, Midbrain, Hindbrain

Question 29

Postnatal Development

Answer 29

Development dependent on myelination, dendritic branching, and synaptogenesis Prefrontal cortex is the last to develop

Question 30

Broca's Aphasia

Answer 30

Normal comprehension of language but poorly articulated speech

Question 31

Wernicke's Aphasia

Answer 31

Speech is normal, but can't comprehend language

Question 32

6 Primary Facial Expressions

Answer 32

Anger, disgust, happiness, fear, sadness, surprise

Question 33

Limbic System

Answer 33

Amygdala, mammillary body, hippocampus, fornix, cingulate gyrus, septum, olfactory bulb, hypothalamus

Question 34

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

Answer 34

The idea that our facial expressions influence our emotional experience

Question 35

Acute Stressors

Answer 35

Brief duration, improves immune function

Question 36

Chronic Stressors

Answer 36

Long lasting, negatively affects immune system

Question 37

Dopamine

Answer 37

Turns motivation into action, plays a big role in the control of body movements

Question 38

Seratonin

Answer 38

Helps inhibit actions

Question 39

Glutamate

Answer 39

Most prevalent excitatory neurotransmitter

Question 40

GABA

Answer 40

Most prevalent inhibitory neurotransmitter

Question 41

Small Molecule Neurotransmitters

Answer 41

Amino acids, monoamines, acetylcholine

Question 42

Large Molecule Neurotransmitters

Answer 42

Neuropeptides

Question 43

Parkinsons

Answer 43

Dopamine deficiency in basal ganglia, tremors in one side of the body, poor posture

Question 44

Huntingtons

Answer 44

Mutation in the Huntington gene, slow loss of muscle control and presentation of psychiatric symptoms

Question 45

Multiple Sclerosis

Answer 45

Attacks the myelin of axons in the CNS

Question 46

Alzheimers

Answer 46

Neurofibrillary tangles, amyloid plaques, and neuron loss

Question 47

Inferotemporal Cortex

Answer 47

Visual input

Question 48

Amygdala

Answer 48

Emotion

Question 49

Prefrontal Cortex

Answer 49

Working memory

Question 50

Cerebellum

Answer 50

Learned sensorimotor skills

Question 51

Striatum

Answer 51

Habit formation

Question 52

fMRI

Answer 52

Functional magnetic resonance imaging, monitors magnetic pulses generated by oxygen in the blood to create a map. Measures BOLD (blood oxygen level dependent) signal

Question 53

EEG

Answer 53

Electroencephalography, electrodes placed on the scalp that picks up electric currents generated by brain activity

Question 54

TMS

Answer 54

Transcranial magnetic stimulation, uses magnetic fields to temporarily "knock out" parts of the brain

Question 55

PET

Answer 55

Positron emission tomography, harmless radioactive tracers injected into the bloodstream to create a map of brain activity , monitors blood flow and is able to tell which areas are most active based on amount of blood needed

Question 56

MEG

Answer 56

Magnetoencephalography, similar to EEG, but with magnetic currents as opposed to electric. Both are good at determining when the brain is active, but not specifically where