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Psych 101 2nd LE > Biopsych > Flashcards

Biopsych Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

Why study the brain?

A

ENRICHES understanding of psychological phenomena at a neural level.
PROVIDES justification for some of our quirks

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2
Q

Receives, Sends messages within a system

A

Neuron

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3
Q

Parts of a Neuron (and their functions)

A

Dendrites, Soma, Axon, Myelin Sheathe, Axon Terminals, Synaptic Vesicles, Nodes of Ranvier

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4
Q

What are Glial Cells?

A 
Similar to STEM CELLS, they are what neurons develop on.
They hold the neurons in place
They get nutrients to the neurons
They clean up remains of dead neurons
They provide insulation for neurons
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5
Q

Lack of Glial Cells

A

Major Depressive Disorder

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6
Q

Excess of Glial Cells

A

Schizophrenia

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7
Q

Synaptic Vesicles

A

Contain Neurotransmitters in the form of chemicals suspended in fluid

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8
Q

Function of Neurotransmitters?

A

Transmit messages from one neuron to another

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9
Q

Ion Channels?

A

They are the receptor sites which allow only specific molecules of certain shapes to fit into

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10
Q

Describe the way these Synaptic vesicles release the neurotransmitters?

A

The electrical charge goes through the axon, reaching the terminals with the synaptic vesicles. These vesicles get excited and release the neurotransmitters into the synaptic gap.

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11
Q

Types of Neurotransmitters

A

Excitatory (Turns on a cell)

Inhibitory (Turns off a cell)

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12
Q

Types of Neurons

A

Afferent (Sensory)
Efferent (Motor)
Interneuron (Neuron-Neuron)

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13
Q

Types of Neurotransmitters

A 
Acetylcholine
Norepinephrine
Dopamine
Serotonin
Gaba-aminobutyric acid
Gulatmate
Endorphins
Adenosine
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14
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Excitatory/Inhibitory - Arousal, Attention, Memory, Muscle contractions

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15
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Excitatory - Arousal and Mood

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16
Q

Dopamine

A

Excitatory/Inhibitory - Control of movement, anticipation, sensations of pleasure

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17
Q

Serotonin

A

Excitatory/Inhibitory - Sleep, Mood, Anxiety and Apetite

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18
Q

Gaba-aminobutyric acid

A

MAJOR inhibitory - Sleep and inhibits movement

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19
Q

Glutamate

A

MAJOR excitatory - learning, memory formation, nervous system development, and cause of synaptic plasticity

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20
Q

Endorphins

A

Inhibitory - Pain relief and pleasure

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21
Q

Adenosine

A

Inhibitory - Sleepiness

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22
Q

Parts of the Nervous System

A

Central - Brain and Spinal
Peripheral - Autonomic and Somatic
Autonomic - Parasympathetic and Sympathetic
Somatic - Sensory and Motor

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23
Q

Core of Central Nervous System

A

Brain

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24
Q

Parts of the Spinal Cord

and its function

A

Lighter Outer ( myelinated axons ), darker inner ( cell bodies of neurons )

ALLOWS FOR VERY FAST REFLEXES

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25
Cerebellum
Coordination of Posture, Limb Movements and Balance
26
Thalamus
Relay from sensory organs to cerebral cortex
27
Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
Pathway from Vision to Thalamus
28
Medial Geniculate Nucleus
Pathway from auditory to Thalamus
29
Hypothalamus
Regulates the unconcious stuff like Body temp, thirst, hunger, sleep, sex, emotion
30
Limbic System
Emotions, Memories, Motivation
31
Cerebral Cortex
Youngest part of our brain!
32
Parts of Cerebral Cortex
Occipital Lobe Temporal Lobe Frontal Lobe Parietal Lobe
33
Occipital Lobe
Vision processing | Linked to Anton Babinski Syndrome - Not aware that they are blind
34
Temporal Lobe
Memory Processing (Long term)
35
Left Temporal Lobe
Language
36
Right Temporal Lobe
Music/Rhythm
37
Damage to left Temporal
Wernicke's Aphasia - Perfect Rhythm, but makes no sense
38
Damage to right Temporal
Broca's Aphasia - Makes sense but is slow
39
Parietal Lobe
Sensory Processing - Especially Senses that can be experienced all round the body
40
Spatial Neglect Syndrome
No sensory information from one side of the body (usually the left) A PERSON LITERALLY CANNOT SENSE ANYTHING ON ONE SIDE
41
Frontal Lobe
Executive Functions Goal Setting Self Regulation
42
Amygdala
Motivation, Emotion, Fear Response, Interpretation of Nonverbal Expressions
43
Awareness of external events and internal sensations
Consciousness
44
Two types of Consciousness
Waking Consciousness & Altered State of Consciousness
45
Waking Consciousness Definition
When Thoughts, Feelings, Emotions, Sensations are all organized, and the person is alert
46
Altered State of Consciousness Definition
A state of consciousness where there is a change in the quality or pattern of mental activity
47
The Great Equalizer (and WHY)
Sleep - Because everyone has to sleep | It is an altered state of consciousness
48
Circadian Rhythm
Body Clock - Sleep Wake Cycle
49
What Controls the Circadian Rhythm and how?
Hypothalamus through the release of Melatonin
50
Different Kinds of sleep
REM and NREM
51
What is REM sleep
REM or Rapid Eye Movement Sleep is a type of sleep where the person is in a similar state of waking but is paralyzed, and the eyes is constantly rapidly moving.
52
What is NREM sleep
Everything else not REM
53
Stages of Sleep
Awake - Stage 1 - Stage 2 - Stage 3 & 4 - REM Sleep
54
What is Stage 1
Light Sleep Waves - Alpha (Indicating a feeling of relaxation) Hypnagogic Images - "Hallucinations" Hypnic Jerks - Bodily Reflex in response to some stimuli in sleep. (like falling down or smthn)
55
What is Stage 2
Sleep Spindles Waves - Theta Waves Bodily Activity Slows Down People who wake up from Stage 2 can recognize that they fell asleep
56
What is Stage 3 and Four
Delta Stage Waves - Delta Waves - LARGEST WAVES 20-50% of brainwaves are delta waves in this stage
57
REM Sleep
Similar to the waking state brain Waves - Alpha, Beta Waves (similar to waking state) The body temperature rises and heart rate increases COMPLETE MUSCULAR PARALYSIS in this state
58
Why REM and NREM Sleep?
Nrem Sleep Replenishes physically exhausted stuff while REM sleep replenishes Psychological/Mental stuff
59
Mental activity that goes on in the brain when a person is processing information
Cognition
60
Different stages of cognition
Sensorimotor Pre-operational Concrete Operational Formal Operational
61
What is in Sensorimotor stage
0-2 years old and developing object permanence
62
Preoperational Stage
Developing Conservation (logical physical thinking ability)
63
Concrete Operational Stage
We can think logically, and perform math stuff requiring basic logic
64
Formal Operational Stage
We are able to grasp abstract concepts in this stage, and more mature reasoning
65
Types of Cognitive System
System 1 - Hot - Fast, unconcious, error prone system System 2 - Cold - Slow, thoughtful, stressful, reliable
66
Approaches to problem solving
Trial and Error Algorithms Heuristics Insight
67
Trial and Error
- Try one, til something works
68
Algorithms
- Specific step by step problems | - Will result to something always right
69
Heuristics
- Rule of thumb - Educated guess - Faster than algorithms but less safe as it will not always lead to the right solution
70
Insight
- Solution to a problem comes to mind "AHA moment"

Psych 101 2nd LE (1 decks)

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