Biopsych

Question 1

Neuroticism

Answer 1

Personality type:

Nature full of anxiety; worries and guilt

Question 2

Introversion

Answer 2

Personality type:

Shuns the crowd & prefers solidarity activities

Question 3

Extraversion

Answer 3

Personality type:

Outgoing nature: high level of activities

Question 4

What is visual agnosia?

Answer 4

Inability to perceive objects accurately or assign meaning to said objects presented (associative agnosia)

Question 5

What do the brains visual systems do?

Answer 5

Process

1. Features of objects
2. Space indication

Question 6

Describe the process of visual information

Answer 6

Eye- thalamus- PVC- 1lvl of association cortex occipital lobe- 2nd lvl (AC) parietal or 2nd lvl (AC) temporal

Question 7

Anterograde amnesia

Answer 7

In ability to remember post event/ surgery

*temporal lobe damage

Question 8

Anomia

Answer 8

Inability to name an object due to damage in parietal lobe

Question 9

Retrograde amnesia

Answer 9

Remember events prior to surgery/ event but closer to the event is forgotten

Question 10

Conductive asphasia

Answer 10

Speech repetition

Wernicke’s. Repetitive dysphasia

Question 11

Astereognosis

Answer 11

Inability to recognise objects by touch

Damage to: post central gyrus+superior parietal lobe

Question 12

Balint syndrome

Answer 12

Cannot reach for objects (optic ataxia) due to poor spacial processing

Question 13

Agraphism

Answer 13

Inability to write

Damage to: post central gyrus

Question 14

Visual neglect

Answer 14

When asked to copy drawings they draw the right side but completely ignore the left

Damage to: parietal lobe

Question 15

Benson’s syndrome

Answer 15

Posterior cortical atrophy (altzhimers).

Only affects parietal cortex leads to visual agnosia which is inability to name or visually recognise.

Question 16

Picks disease

Answer 16

Only destroys neurons in the frontal cortex

Also a form of dementia (frontotemperal)

Shows increased creative abilities but lower social inhibition

Question 17

Frontal lobotomy

Answer 17

Disconnects front lobe

Thalamocortical fibres are severed meaning the emotional centres become disconnected from the seat of intellect

Used to treat:
Schizophrenia, aggression,depression

Question 18

Executive function

Answer 18

Top down regulation of behaviour and cognition

E.g: problem solving, response modulation (STROOP/Wisconsin card sort)

Question 19

Capgras syndrome

Answer 19

Inability to recognise family / familiar faces but claim they are imposters due to lack of emotional warmth on retrieval of recognition.

(Amygdala).

Question 20

Prosopagnosia

Answer 20

Part of a broader visual agnosia syndrome

Inability to recognise familiar faces due to emotional warmth &. Memory recall being non-existent

Amygdala

Question 21

Disinhibitory syndrome

Answer 21

The inability to control behaviour due to lower sense of inhibition

Frontal cortex

Question 22

Secondary cortex/ association function

Answer 22

Sits around the primary cortex and binds info together to form holistic experiences/ memories

Question 23

Wilder penfield

Answer 23

1891-1976 cortical mapping

Placed electrodes in peoples brains stimulated different areas and documented responses in order to produce a cortical map. Focused on primary corticies then developed motor and somatosensory maps

Patients reported holistic experiences when the secondary corticies was stimulated.

Question 24

Subcortical areas function

Answer 24

Process. Visual information on a subconscious level

Question 25

What is the function of the primary corticies?

Answer 25

Obtaining direct. Sensory projections and information from environmental stimuli Damage: inability to detect: pain,fire,cold,smell

Question 26

Temporal lobe emotional and social functions

Answer 26

Link past to present sensory & emotional experiences into a conscious self

Question 27

What does stochastic mean?

Answer 27

Randomness of chance of genes

Question 28

What is the silver fox experiment?

Answer 28

Breed silver fox and analysed phenotype in comparison to dogs. Selected the tame gene to carry through from offspring. Phenotypes of dogs where cuter when more tame. Support evolution

Question 29

Heston 1966

Answer 29

Compared 47 adoptive children whos biological mothers had schizophrenia (G1) against adopted children’s mothers who did not have schizophrenia (G2) 17% of G1 developed schizophrenia compared to 0% in G2

Question 30

Danish 1980

Answer 30

13% of biological relatives of adoptees had SCZ like disorders Vs 1% of biological relatives adoptees without SCZ Confirms genetic link for schizophrenia

Question 31

Hebbian synapses

Answer 31

When an axon of cell A is near enough to excite cell B or repeatedly or consistently takes part in firing it, some growth or metabolic change takes places in one or both cells such thats A’s effiecncy as one of the cells firing B is increased. Cells that fire together, wire together

Question 32

FMRI

Answer 32

Endogenous contrast mechanism = BOLD CONTRAST

Question 33

MEG Elbert et al

Answer 33

‘GOOD’ plasticity representation of the fingers in the somatosensory cortex of stringed instrument musicians Used for phantom limbs